Wheat crop occupies a central position in agriculture sector and our national economy. Pakistan’s contribution toward global wheat production is about 3.2 percent. The Punjab province is leading producer of wheat with a share of more than 70 percent of the total wheat production of the country. Despite being an agricultural country, food security of Pakistan has remained at stake since long because of poor yield and high post harvest losses caused by the storage pests. On the other hand country has a great exporting potential not only to achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) relating to food security and safety but can earn foreign exchange and pay off country’s entire debts within 10 years just equaling our yield to that of Indian Punjab. Present investigations were, therefore, carried out to explore these potentials in terms of reducing post-harvest losses, food security and safety risks caused by the storage pests particularly the Khapra beetle which is a notified quarantine pest internationally. The studies revealed an average loss of 15.5 percent when 10 pairs of Khapra larvae were released for a period of 6 months under the natural conditions. Similarly there were found 33 and 8 percent increase in number of weeviled and broken grains, respectively. Besides, the beetle depleted approximately 4 percent carbohydrates that resulted in 0.35 and 1 percent increase in ash and crude fiber contents, respectively. Although total protein and fat percentages were slightly increased, yet these increases were predominantly due to the percentage loss of carbohydrates as well as production of proteinaceous by-products of live insects, insect fragments, and excreta etc., which could not be sieved from the samples before chemical analysis. Further analysis of about 400 samples drawn from the entire province revealed that quality of Punjab wheat not only meets the international standards rather it is superior in many characteristics including protein content, moisture, bulk density, foreign matter, falling number. However, presence of quarantine pests such as T. granarium, Tilletia spores and Striga weeds render it unmarketable in the quality conscious world. A compatible Wheat crop occupies a central position in agriculture sector and our national economy. Pakistan’s contribution toward global wheat production is about 3.2 percent. The Punjab province is leading producer of wheat with a share of more than 70 percent of the total wheat production of the country. Despite being an agricultural country, food security of Pakistan has remained at stake since long because of poor yield and high post harvest losses caused by the storage pests. On the other hand country has a great exporting potential not only to achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) relating to food security and safety but can earn foreign exchange and pay off country’s entire debts within 10 years just equaling our yield to that of Indian Punjab. Present investigations were, therefore, carried out to explore these potentials in terms of reducing post-harvest losses, food security and safety risks caused by the storage pests particularly the Khapra beetle which is a notified quarantine pest internationally. The studies revealed an average loss of 15.5 percent when 10 pairs of Khapra larvae were released for a period of 6 months under the natural conditions. Similarly there were found 33 and 8 percent increase in number of weeviled and broken grains, respectively. Besides, the beetle depleted approximately 4 percent carbohydrates that resulted in 0.35 and 1 percent increase in ash and crude fiber contents, respectively. Although total protein and fat percentages were slightly increased, yet these increases were predominantly due to the percentage loss of carbohydrates as well as production of proteinaceous by-products of live insects, insect fragments, and excreta etc., which could not be sieved from the samples before chemical analysis. Further analysis of about 400 samples drawn from the entire province revealed that quality of Punjab wheat not only meets the international standards rather it is superior in many characteristics including protein content, moisture, bulk density, foreign matter, falling number. However, presence of quarantine pests such as T. granarium, Tilletia spores and Striga weeds render it unmarketable in the quality conscious world. A compatible Wheat crop occupies a central position in agriculture sector and our national economy. Pakistan’s contribution toward global wheat production is about 3.2 percent. The Punjab province is leading producer of wheat with a share of more than 70 percent of the total wheat production of the country. Despite being an agricultural country, food security of Pakistan has remained at stake since long because of poor yield and high post harvest losses caused by the storage pests. On the other hand country has a great exporting potential not only to achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) relating to food security and safety but can earn foreign exchange and pay off country’s entire debts within 10 years just equaling our yield to that of Indian Punjab. Present investigations were, therefore, carried out to explore these potentials in terms of reducing post-harvest losses, food security and safety risks caused by the storage pests particularly the Khapra beetle which is a notified quarantine pest internationally. The studies revealed an average loss of 15.5 percent when 10 pairs of Khapra larvae were released for a period of 6 months under the natural conditions. Similarly there were found 33 and 8 percent increase in number of weeviled and broken grains, respectively. Besides, the beetle depleted approximately 4 percent carbohydrates that resulted in 0.35 and 1 percent increase in ash and crude fiber contents, respectively. Although total protein and fat percentages were slightly increased, yet these increases were predominantly due to the percentage loss of carbohydrates as well as production of proteinaceous by-products of live insects, insect fragments, and excreta etc., which could not be sieved from the samples before chemical analysis. Further analysis of about 400 samples drawn from the entire province revealed that quality of Punjab wheat not only meets the international standards rather it is superior in many characteristics including protein content, moisture, bulk density, foreign matter, falling number. However, presence of quarantine pests such as T. granarium, Tilletia spores and Striga weeds render it unmarketable in the quality conscious world. A compatible Wheat crop occupies a central position in agriculture sector and our national economy. Pakistan’s contribution toward global wheat production is about 3.2 percent. The Punjab province is leading producer of wheat with a share of more than 70 percent of the total wheat production of the country. Despite being an agricultural country, food security of Pakistan has remained at stake since long because of poor yield and high post harvest losses caused by the storage pests. On the other hand country has a great exporting potential not only to achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) relating to food security and safety but can earn foreign exchange and pay off country’s entire debts within 10 years just equaling our yield to that of Indian Punjab. Present investigations were, therefore, carried out to explore these potentials in terms of reducing post-harvest losses, food security and safety risks caused by the storage pests particularly the Khapra beetle which is a notified quarantine pest internationally. The studies revealed an average loss of 15.5 percent when 10 pairs of Khapra larvae were released for a period of 6 months under the natural conditions. Similarly there were found 33 and 8 percent increase in number of weeviled and broken grains, respectively. Besides, the beetle depleted approximately 4 percent carbohydrates that resulted in 0.35 and 1 percent increase in ash and crude fiber contents, respectively. Although total protein and fat percentages were slightly increased, yet these increases were predominantly due to the percentage loss of carbohydrates as well as production of proteinaceous by-products of live insects, insect fragments, and excreta etc., which could not be sieved from the samples before chemical analysis. Further analysis of about 400 samples drawn from the entire province revealed that quality of Punjab wheat not only meets the international standards rather it is superior in many characteristics including protein content, moisture, bulk density, foreign matter, falling number. However, presence of quarantine pests such as T. granarium, Tilletia spores and Striga weeds render it unmarketable in the quality conscious world. A compatible treatment of are house with 2 % deltamethrin, Lambda cyhalothrin or DDVP. The present findings will surely help in bridging the gap between food security demand/supply and will enable us to improve quality and safety of the treated cereals resulting in enhanced acceptance of our food crops in the international market." xml:lang="en_US
مسٹر سنہا، ایڈیٹر ہندوستان ریویو (الہ آباد) کی زوجہ محترمہ مسز سنہا، جنھوں نے حال ہی میں وفات پائی ہے، اپنی وفات سے چند روز پیشتر وصیت نامہ تحریر کرگئی تھیں، جس کی رو سے ایک ایک لاکھ روپیہ لاہور، الہ آبا د اور پٹنہ کی یونیورسٹیوں کو پہنچنا ہے، لاہور او ر الہ آباد کی یونیورسٹیاں اس سرمایہ سے ایک ایک پروفیسر شپ قائم کریں گی اور پٹنہ یونیورسٹی میں اس سے ایک کتب خانہ و دارالمطالعہ قائم ہوگا۔ (ستمبر ۱۹۱۹ء)
BackgroundMany women enjoy wearing high heels despite knowing they can harm their feet. Many uncomfortable conditions can originate from wearing this shoe, leading to biomechanical changes in ankle joints. Hence, the study is aimed to identify the effects of massage therapy in improving muscular flexibility among women wearing high heels. MethodologyForty female participants with chronic heel pain were included in the single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Participants were divided into Group-A (Stretching and deep heat) and Group-B (petrissage and deep heat). The treatment was performed for 4 weeks, 3 sessions/week in both groups. Foot function index and ankle dorsiflexion were recorded at baseline and after 4-weeks of intervention. ResultsForty female participants with a mean age of 28.23±6.24 were recruited. Both groups showed significant improvement in all three variables, i.e. Pain, disability, and ankle dorsiflexion. However, Group-B showed more significant results with mean differences of 1.80±2.22 and 4.1±6.7 (p<0.05) for pain and disability, respectively. A similar result was observed for ankle dorsiflexion in which a mean difference of 0.95±1.08 in the left and 1.25±1.12 in the right ankle was observed. ConclusionBoth treatment programs are highly effective in reducing pain, reducing disability, and improving ankle joint ROM. However, petrissage massage and deep heating were superior to superficial heat with static stretching for females with chronic heel pain. DOI: https: //doi. Org/10.59564/amrj/01.01/006
Poultry industry plays a vital role in bridging protein gap by the provision of protein rich food across the world. Now a days, consumers are demanding foods free from any kind of drugs, pesticide and antibiotics residues. For the purpose, instant research was carried out to serve multiple purposes. The research study was divided into two phases; first phase deal with screening of antibiotics, pesticide residues in feed and chicken meat collected from different poultry farms of district Faisalabad, Pakistan. Moreover, the impact of different processing techniques on dissipation of pesticide residues were also studied in first phase. The second phase comprised of controlled antibiotic feeding trial and use of different processing techniques to study dissipation behaviour of antibiotics (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline). From results of feed samples it was revealed that doxycycline was present in higher quantities followed by enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline. However, Tylosin residues were recorded in least quantities (25.69±0.60 μg/Kg), whilst colistin residues were not detected in all the feed samples. Besides, presence of antibiotic residues in whole chicken showed alike trend as that of feed. Doxycycline was significantly higher than its MRL (100 μg/Kg) followed by oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and colistin. While tylosin residues were detected in least quantities in whole chicken. The results from pesticides study indicated that pesticides varied significantly in feed samples. However, higher quantities of endosulfan sulphate, α-endosulfan and β-endosulfan were observed. The DDE, γ-HCH and dieldrin contents were in lesser amounts with the exception of two farms. Bifenthrin, cyfulthrin, permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin were also present but their amount varied significantly. Overall, organochlorines were more abundant as compared to pyrethroids. Among organochlorines, DDE and γ-HCH were present in lesser amounts. The statistical results revealed that pesticide residues varied significantly as a function of different poultry farms and processing conditions. The processing technologies like boiling, roasting, grilling and microwave heating were tested for their ability to dissipate pesticide residues. The roasting and grilling were most effective processing techniques in reducing pesticide residues. The processing reduces the residues up to the extent that most of them were falling within MRL (safe limit). The results from 2nd phase of the research explicated that the amounts of different antibiotics influenced as a function of processing technologies. Enrofloxacin residues were reduced as a function of roasting and boiling. The grilling of poultry meat was least effective in reducing the antibiotics residues. Overall, roasting was considered to be more effective approach to reduce antibiotic and pesticide residues. The processing techniques like boiling and microwave were statistically at par with each other in reducing the antibiotic residues but were less effective than roasting. It was also observed that oxytetracycline was decreased significantly in microwave processed thigh chicken meat. Grilling was found to be least effective in decreasing antibiotic residues in thigh part of chicken meat. It was deduced from present research that pesticide and antibiotic residues were significantly reduced with the processing techniques. However, whole food chain needs to be restructured and government and allied stakeholder should work together in controlling the menace of pesticide and antibiotic residues.