Kabal valley, district Swat, Pakistan is rich in plant biodiversity, but little attempt has been made to evaluate it scientifically. To fill this research gap, the present study was conducted for phytosociological and ethnobotanical enumerations of the existing plant wealth of the study area. The vegetation was surveyed through random stratified sampling during September 2010 to July 2013. In all, the data of 314 relevés were stored in the database software TURBOVEG version 2.101 and analyzed through Two Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) by using the host program JUICE version 7.0.99 and correlated with edaphic, topographic and environmental variables using Detrenched Correspondence Analysis (D.C.A). Nine different plant communities such as 1) Nasturtium-Paspalum-Veronica in Wetland, 2) Abies-Picea-Viburnum Coniferous Forest, 3) Pinus-Quercus-Berberis Mixed Forest, 4) Pinus-Indigofera Blue Pine Forest, 5) Celtis-Olea-Cynodon Sacred Groves Broad Leaved Forest, 6) Diosperos- Pinus-Quercus Mid Hill Degraded Forest, 7) Dodonaea-Isidon-Berberis Xeromorphic Scrub, 8) Pinus-Quercus-Galium Protected Chir Pine Forest and 9) Isodon-Berberis- Indigofera Montane scrub were established influenced by different topographic and edaphic factors. The pattern in the species and relevés data set and its relationship with the environmental variables was determined by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) in Canoco 4.5. Therophytes (43.94%) and Hemicryptophytes (21.31%) were the dominant life forms while Nanophylls (33.72%), Microphylls (28.32%) and Leptophylls (24.53%) were the dominant leaf size classes of the area. Biodiversity was assessed by using species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, species evenness; while the conservation status of useful plants was ascertained according to IUCN categories. In all, 820 species distributed across 497 genera and 136 families were identified during the study period. Besides, some of the interesting flora such as Silene indica var. 1 2 cashmeriana, Geranium Swatense, Impatience pallida, Gratiola officinalis and Vernoca hederifolia are reported for the first time from Swat, Pakistan. The flora includes 31 ferns, 8 gymnosperms, 184 monocots and 597 dicots. With reference to ethnobotanical study, local inhabitants utilized native flora to fulfill their eight major use categories. Most of the species were used as folk medicine (344 spp., 75.94%), miscellaneous 216 spp., 47.68%), food (205 spp., 45.25%), fodder (153 spp., 33.77%), fuel (94 spp., 20.75%), ethno-veterinary (90 spp., 19.87), tools (63 spp., 13.91%) and construction (41 spp., 9.05%). The findings of the study will help foresters, range land managers, medicinal plant growers and collectors, ecologists and conservationists to improve the bioresource base and socioeconomic conditions of the people.
مولانا نجم الدین اصلاحی ۱۴؍ اگست کو حافظ مولانا نجم الدین صاحب اصلاحی نے تقریباً ۹۴ برس کی عمر میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا۔ اِناﷲ وَاِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔ انھوں نے اپنے جدبزرگوار ملاقدرت علی مرحوم سے ابتدائی تعلیم حاصل کی اور اپنے گاؤں ہی کے ایک دوسرے بزرگ حافظ عبدالرحیم مرحوم کی خدمت میں رہ کر قرآن مجید حفظ کیا، مزید تعلیم مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائمیر میں ہوئی، اس وقت مدرسہ میں مولانا امین احسن اصلاحی صاحبِ تدبر قرآن اور مولانا اختر احسن اصلاحی مرحوم سابق مہتمم مدرسۃ الاصلاح بھی زیر تعلیم تھے۔ فارسی میں مولانا نجم الدین صاحب کی اچھی اور پختہ استعداد ان کے ہم وطن مولوی محمد مصطفےٰ صاحب کے فیض تلمذ کا نتیجہ تھی۔ جو مدرسۃ الاصلاح میں فارسی کے بہت اچھے اور لائق معلم تھے۔ اس زمانے میں مولانا شبلی متکلم ندوی مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائمیر کے مہتمم تھے، وہ علامہ شبلیؒ کے تلمیذ رشید اور اس مجلس اخوان الصفاء کے ایک رکن تھے جو علامہ مرحوم کی وفات کے بعد ان کے ناتمام کاموں کی تکمیل کے لیے مولانا حمیدالدین فراہیؒ کی سربراہی میں قائم ہوئی تھی۔ مولانا شبلی متکلم معقولات اور اسرار شریعت کی کتابوں کا درس اس شان سے دیتے تھے کہ طلبہ کو مطالب بخوبی ذہن نشین ہوجاتے تھے۔ مدرسہ کا معیارِ تعلیم بلند اور بہتر بنانے کے لیے ان کو دوبارہ مدرسہ کی خدمت کی زحمت دی گئی تو بڑھاپے میں بھی ان کے درس کا وہی رنگ رہا، اس کی شہادت مولانا نجم الدین صاحب نے اس طرح دی کہ وہ چپکے سے جنگلے کے پاس جاکر درس سنا کرتے تھے۔ ان کے علاوہ مولانا عبدالرحمن نگرامی ندوی، مولانا حکیم محمد لہراوی اور دوسرے اساتذہ سے بھی درسیات کی تکمیل کی، ۱۹۱۷ء میں جب مولانا حمیدالدین فراہیؒ دارالعلوم حیدرآباد کی پرنسپلی سے استعفا دے کر مدرسۃ الاصلاح...
The most prominent and living name among the African biographers is Qazi Ayaz Mālkī. His book “Al-Shifā Ba Ta‘rīf-e-Ḥuqūq-e-Muṣṭafā” has an important place in the books of Sīrah and also has the status of the most popular book among all kinds of people. This book is also called Kitab-e-Shifā (meaning the one who revives hearts and heals from heart diseases). The reason for writing this book was that the people were becoming oblivious to the obligatory status and virtues of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and were becoming completely incapable of paying their dues. In these circumstances, the demand for preparation and compilation of a collection of rights and manāqibs related to it became intense and he compiled this magnificent book. On the one hand, it teaches love and respect for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and on the other hand, it mentions his rights and rewards for fulfilling them. The writing style of the book is simple and smooth as well as eloquent. The book is not so long that it would be too long for the reader to comprehend, nor is it so short that it would not be possible to get access to the concepts and demands due to its brevity. The people have made this book their favorite and have been studying it and the biographers have adopted Al-Shifā as an authoritative and reliable source. Because of its importance and usefulness, an introductory and analytical study of this book will be presented in this article.
Primary dysmenorrhea is a serious public health issue with high prevalence. It affects physical and mental health which in turn influences daily activities, quality of life, and work productivity. OBJECTIVES The current study was undertaken to determine the most effective method among three physical therapy techniques for primary dysmenorrhea The main objectives of the study were to find out and compare the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain, depression, and quality of life in students with primary dysmenorrhea. MATERIAL AND METHODS This randomized controlled trial involved ninety-nine diagnosed cases of primary dysmenorrhea with age between 16 and 25. Subjects were selected through convenience sampling and randomly allocated by lottery method into three groups: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator group (A), Stretch group (B), and Stretch group (C). The group A was treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator while stretch groups B and C were treated with homebased stretching exercises in asymptomatic phase and symptomatic phase respectively. The data was collected through self-structured questionnaire for demographics, numeric pain rating scale for pain, daily record of severity of problems for symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea, short form-36 for health related quality of life, patient health questionnaire for depression and visual analogue scale for satisfaction level. Data was collected for three successive menstrual vi cycles at baseline and at end of each cycle. Patient compliance was high due to enthusiasm of participants. Intervention-induced changes within the groups were investigated using repeated measure analysis of variance while one-way Analysis of variance was used to compare the groups. Linear regression has been used for prediction of pain and DRSP with different domains of quality of life and level of depression.