ﷺ
خدا کی خاص عنایت حضورؐ کی رحمت
حضورِ پاکؐ ہیں ربِّ غفور کی رحمت
سیاہ رات کی زحمت کا خوف طاری تھا
حضورؐ آئے ؛ ہوئی صبحِ نور کی رحمت
سحابِ رحمتِ خلَّاقِ دو جہاںؐ کی قسم!
برس رہی ہے سبھی پر حضورؐ کی رحمت
درود پاک پڑھا جس نے بھی محمدﷺ پر
خدائے پاک نے اُس پر ضرور کی رحمت
یہی ہے نعمت عظمیٰ جہانِ انعم میں
ہوئی ہے پیکر خاکی پہ نورؐ کی رحمت
نہیں ہے عالمِ دنیا پہ ہی کرم موقوف
شفیعِ حشرؐ ہیں یوم النشور کی رحمت
ہمارے فکر و سخن اور بیان کو یارب!
عطا ہو کیف کی برکت ، سرور کی رحمت
یہ فیضِ صاحبِ لولاکؐ ہی ہے عرفاںؔ پر
ہے اس کے ذہنِ رسا پر شُعور کی رحمت
Family is the basic unit of human society which forms in the shape of marriage between a couple. Historically, all human civilizations and religions have cared for the union between Man and woman by constituting norms and rules right from the solemnization till the death of any partner of the union. Similarly, the religion of Islam has provided all sort of guidance in this regard keeping in view the natural sensations of humans for cohabitation and making their lives pure as well as chaste. Generally, Islam does not encourage late or delayed marriages rather it incites its followers to marry at appropriate time after adulthood. However, nowadays trend of late and delayed marriages is getting popularity in our Pakistani society which is a point of deliberation for the social scientists and Muslim scholars. The current paper deals with this topic to elaborate its causes and suggests means for tackling in the light of Islamic instructions.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. It is consumed in differing ways, including crude, a fixing in numerous dishes, sauces and beverages. It thrives well in temperature 10 °C to 30 °C. The mean temperatures below 16 °C and above 35 °C are not desirable. In summer season temperature rises in most regions of province Punjab (Pakistan) up to 45 °C that affects the germination, pollination, fruit setting and development that ultimately lowers the yield and quality. There are different techniques used to select stress tolerant lines of tomato Viz. mutagenesis is one of a major technique to create variants of tomato which can be more stress tolerant. The present study was conducted on tomato cultivar "Rio Grande". Research experiments conducted were: 1) Development of mutant population through physical and chemical mutagens. 2) Screening of mutated M1 population for thermotolernace. 3) Raising of M2 population and its screening. 4) Assessment of genetic diversity/similarity among screened thermotolerant variants by using heat specific SSRs. EMS and Gamma irradiations were used to induce mutations. Germination percentage was observed in first experiment and concluded that only two doses of gamma irradiation 5 kr and 10 kr and EMS i.e. 4 mM, 8 mM, 16 mM, 24 mM and 32 mM showed germination and all remaining doses/concentration proved lethality in tomato seed germination. This mutated population was transferred into the field for development of M1 population and screening for thermotolerence was done by using different traits (membrane stability Index%, Cell viability, RWC, proline 2 contents, morphological, reproductive and fruit related traits). On the basis of all studied traits populations developed through gamma irradiation 5 kr and EMS 4 mM, 8 mM, 16 mM and 24 mM were selected to raise M2 population assessed for thermo tolerance by using same traits as in M1 population. On the basis of results obtained for thermo tolerance related traits, twenty four mutants were selected and raised as M3 population for assessing their genetic diversity/similarity with parent Rio Grande. On the basis of results obtained from all experiments, suitable doses and concentrations of physical and chemical mutagens were identified for mutation in tomato. Membrane stability index percentage and proline contents were found as suitable selection criteria for heat tolerance studies in tomato crop. Twenty four mutants were identified with enhanced thermotolerance which proved genetically distant from their parent “Rio Grande”.