اسلامی ریاست کے خلاف سازشوں کے سدباب کے لئے راہنما اصول: مسجدِ ضرار کے انہدام کا فقہ السیرہ اور عصری قوانین کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The Guiding Principles of Preventing Conspiracies Against Islamic State: The Analytical Study of Demolishing of Masjid al-Dirār Now a day the conspiracy against the leading countries of the Islamic world has become a tragedy under a plan. The examples of Iraq, Lebia, Palestine, and Syria are before us and now these kinds of events are also made against Saudi Arab and Pakistan. So, the protection of every country and its state for preventing conspiracies against it in an effective and successful policy should be adopted, in this aspect there is a great deal of leading can be handed. In the field from the life of the Holy Prophet (saw), we can get an effective policy, to solve the important issues of the modern era about the protection of the state. Our Holy Prophet (saw) adopted the arrangements for the protection of Islamic State of Madinah. One such example is the demolishing of Masjid al-Dirār. Which was conspiracy against the Islamic State of Madinah and completion of hypocritic agenda. Many principles of fiqh-us sīrah are drawn from this incident about the state protection. In this article, we discuss the principles of the protection of Islamic State in the light of Masjid al-Dirār incident and Modern National and international laws.

A Study of Distinguishing Tqm Operative Factors in the Public-Sector Universities of Pakistan

The research study aimed to examine the Total Quality Management (TQM) role in the educational organizations and to study distinguishing operative factors in various publicsector universities of Pakistan within the orbit of Total Quality Management (TQM). As TQM is regarded as management function and strategic planning tool that assist organizations to maintain total quality and improve institutional performance by satisfying needs of all stakeholders through the continuous improvement of products, services and organizational processes. Seven factors were selected to study including vision and mission, leadership, leadership team, monitoring of programs process and performances, curriculum design and delivery, student selection support and assessment and continuous quality improvement. The objectives of the study were: 1). To identify TQM operative management factors in the public-sector universities of Pakistan, 2). To study Public sector universities of Pakistan that are committed towards TQM factors for sustainable growth of quality education and the organization, 3). To explore differences in opinions about distinctive TQM operative factors between male and female at the public-sector universities of Pakistan, 4). To find out the relationship among different distinctive TQM operative factors at public sector universities of Pakistan, 5). To explore the difference in opinions between sample groups with respect to TQM operative factors at the public-sector universities of Pakistan, 6). To prospect ways for continual improvement of the public-sector universities of Pakistan. The study following a quantitative approach was based on data collected through a questionnaire. The Cronbach’s Alpha for this instrument was .969 TQM operative factors considered in the study. After meeting its pre-requisites, the tool of Factor Analysis (FA) was used to check its reliability and construct validity of multidimensional factors to meet the objectives of this research. The study was delimited to the administrators, teaching faculty and the students from the publicsector universities of the Punjab, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa, Sindh, Islamabad Capital Territory and Azad Jammu and Kashmir only. Total (1174) respondents (VC’s, Deans, Registrars, Teachers and the students) provided complete response on all variables of the study. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS 16 in the form of table and graphs. Formula of Pearson correlation coefficient, Independent Samples t-test, and One Way ANOVA and LSD Post hoc test were used to analyze and interpret the data. Overall response rate remained 87.61%. The study revealed that TQM operative factors have significant role to maintain quality and to organize whole organization, department and an activity at every level. This study identifies areas of improvement as far as Total Quality in Public Sector Universities of the Pakistan. Main conclusion of the study is that TQM is being adopted in higher education organizations but at a slower pace. Whereas, areas of improvement include Leadership, leadership team, Curriculum design and delivery, Monitoring of programs and processes, student support and assessment. Therefor it has been recommended that all the public-sector universities authorities and policy makers should take thoughtful steps to implement the TQM philosophy for organizational excellence and to eliminate the organizational, administrative and the teaching learning deficits. They can use the findings of this research study and opt for affirmative actions to bridge the gaps in TQM implementation and its operative factors.