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Home > Pomegranate Seed Residue As Waste Exploitation to Augment Shelf Life Stability and Neutraceutical Prominence in Edible Oils

Pomegranate Seed Residue As Waste Exploitation to Augment Shelf Life Stability and Neutraceutical Prominence in Edible Oils

Thesis Info

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Author

Siraj, Naila

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Food Science & Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10477/1/Naila%20Siraj_Food%20Tech_2018_UAF.docx

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726964387

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The present study was aimed to investigate and utilize the pomegranate seed residues that considered as waste after processing. The current study was an attempt to explore the functional and nutraceutical potential of pomegranate seed extracts i.e. pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and defatted pomegranate seed residues (DPSRs) after juice extraction. Three different varieties (Desi, Kandhari, and Bedana) of Pakistani pomegranate varieties were selected and analyzed comparatively. The comparative study of pomegranate seed oil showed the highest lipid contents (15.90±1.40%) in Desi variety followed by Kandhari (11.00±1.25%) and Bedana (8.70±1.10%). The six different fatty acids were found in each variety. The highest contents of conjugated linolenic acid (punicic acid) as 76.66±1.00, 75.50±1.20 and 68.52±1.63% in Desi, Kandhari and Bedana variety, respectively followed by linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and myristic acid. Data also showed the significant difference between physico-chemical parameters in all oil samples. The highest antioxidant activity and oxidative stability was observed in Desi seed oil as compared to other varieties. Defatted pomegranate seed extract (DPSE) was prepared in different organic solvents. A significant difference was observed in proximate and mineral contents of defatted residues of all varieties with maximum antioxidant potential in Desi variety extract with promising anti-inflammatory activity with no cytotoxic effect on RAW264.7 macrophages. According to the results of 1st phase of study, Desi variety was selected for further study. The pomegranate seed extracts (PSO + DPSE) were blended with plant-based oils (canola and sunflower oil) at different concentrations and subjected to six month storage and frying study. The treatments and storage showed significant (p≤0.05) effect on physico-chemical attributes of oil blends. The oxidative stability and antioxidant activity decrease with storage. A decrease was observed in unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherol contents with storage. The French fries prepared in TC7 and TS7 treatments showed even oil distribution as compared to other treatments. Oil uptake decreased in French fries by increasing the DPSE in oil blends while increased with storage. Treatments had non-significant (p≤0.05) on sensory attributes. The experimental rats modeling comprised of three segments including normal, diabetic and hypercholesterolemia Sprague Dawley rats. Each study was divided into further 4 groups D1, D2, D3 and D4. The D1 and D3 were normal diets of canola and sunflower oil, respectively while D2 and D4 were experimental diets of canola and sunflower oil with 7% PSO + 800ppm DPSE, respectively. The maximum cholesterol reduction was observed in canola oil groups in all studies as 1.20, 11.38 and 16.30% following 0.80, 9.80 and 12.68% in sunflower oil group. Similarly, significant reduction was observed in LDL and triglycerides level, while an increase was observed in HDL level as 11.26 & 8.02% and 12.84 & 10.05% in study II & III in canola and sunflower oil groups, respectively. As far as, antidiabetic perspectives are concerned, a substantial decrease in serum glucose level was observed as 7.04 & 6.01% and 4.59 & 3.93% in study-II and III of canola and sunflower oil groups while an increase in insulin level was noticed. The percent increase in insulin level was observed as 1.70 & 0.92%, 3.97 & 3.19% and 2.31 & 2.15% in study-I, II and III, respectively. Moreover, for the assessment of the anti-oxidative markers, glutathione level was improved and thiobarbituric acid reactive oxygen substances (TBRAS) level was reduced by utilization of pomegranate seed extract addition. The analysis of liver and kidney functioning tests ensured the safety of pomegranate seed extracts. It is obvious from the data of efficacy study that canola oil with pomegranate extracts as natural anti-oxidants is more effective as compared to sunflower oil. It is inferred from the present exploration that Desi variety of pomegranate is more effective as compared to other varieties available in Pakistan
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پرنس کائتانی

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امسال مرحوم مارما ڈیوک پکتھال کے علاوہ ن کو ہم سب جانتے تھے، کئی نامور مستشرقین نے وفات پائی، اٹلی کے پرنس کائتانی اور پروفیسر گویدی اور لائڈن کے پروفیسر اسنوک ہر خردنئے نے امسال ہماری دنیا کو الوداع کیا، پرنس کائتانی تاریخ اسلام کے عالم اور گویدی عربوں کے ریاضیات اور جغرافیہ کے ماہر اور اسنوک ہر خردنئے ’محمڈنزم‘ نامی کتاب کے مصنف ہیں جس کو انھوں نے خطبہ کی صورت میں امریکہ کی ’’مجلسِ تاریخِ مذاہب‘‘ میں پیش کیا تھا اور بھی دوسری کتابیں اور مضامین ان کے قلم سے نکلے تھے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۳۶ء)

أساليب الحافظ الزيلعي في نقد متون السنة من خلال نصب الراية

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Photosensitizer’S Dynamics Studies in Different Biological Samples Using Laser Irradiation

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment modality that employs the photochemical interaction of three components. These are light of suitable wavelength, photosensitizer, and singlet oxygen. The main objective of this work is the determination of pharmacokinetics of different photosensitizers after laser irradiation in different biological samples like cell lines and tissues to improve the efficacy of PDT. Present study investigates the dynamic behaviour of different photosensitizers under laser irradiation e.g. (a) biodistribution of Photofrin® (b) laser induced effects (c) depth of necrosis under exposure of different wavelengths of light sources (d) synergistic effect of toxicity of ZnO nanostructures bare and conjugated with photosensitizers like Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), Photofrin® and protoporphyrin dimethyl ester (PPDME) determined for the treatment of localized cancer cells. Firstly, biodistribution of Photofrin® into Sprague Dawley rat has been investigated by methodology for radiolabelleing of Photofrin® with labelling efficiency of Photofrin® with 99m Tc. In addition, it was explored that 99m Tc is more than 95%. The current technique is simpler and efficient as compared to the earlier published protocol. In the second part of this experimental study, different photosensitizer‟s uptake was explored in the in vitro model e.g. different cell lines (HepG2, RD, Hep2C, AG1518 and FM55P). Study of optimal dose of laser, cellular totoxicity and phototoxicity were also the part of our experiment. The third aspect of study relates to in vivo study, normal rat liver were treated as biological sample, PDT under illumination of different wavelengths of light (630 nm, 660 nm, 600 nm and its alternate combinations) has been performed and proved that effectiveness of 630 nm of wavelength is more efficient for depth of necrosis as compare to other wavelengths of light source. Finally, the synergistic effect of toxicity of zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) conjugated with 5-ALA, Photofrin® and PPDME was determined for the treatment of localized cancer cells. Cell toxicity due to microinjection and free standing drug delivery was observed by detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) liberation, and verified by MTT assay. It is successfully demonstrated that UV-A irradiation increased toxicity and caused significant production of ROS which leads to cell necrosis within few minutes. Zinc oxide nanorods are toxic for both normal as well as malignant cells under exposure of ultraviolet (UV) containing 240 nm of wavelength.