76. Al-Insan/The Human Being
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
76:01
a. Was there not a time in the past when the human being was nothing even to be mentioned?!
76:02
a. Indeed, it is WE WHO created human being of a drop of the mingling of seminal and
ovarian fluid of male and female, so that WE may test him during his lifetime.
b. Then WE enabled him with hearing and seeing and intellect.
76:03
a. And WE guided him on to the Right Path
b. to see whether he be grateful by following the Right Path, or be ungrateful by straying off the Right Path.
76:04
a. WE have definitely prepared for the ungrateful - by being sinful - chains and shackles and
a blazing fire.
76:05
a. As for the grateful - by being righteous - they will drink from cups containing a mixture of camphor/musk -
76:06
a. from a spring at which the servants of Allah will drink,
b. - making it gush out abundantly.
76:07
a. The righteous are the ones who used to fulfill their vows, and
b. stand in awe of the Time the evil of which will be encompassing everyone.
76:08
a. And they - the righteous – used to give food
- to the needy, for the love of HIM,
- and also to the orphan,
- and to the captive/prisoner of war,
700 Surah 76 * Al-Insan
76:09
a. saying within themselves:
b. ‘We feed you only for the Face...
The methods of Al-Hafiz Al-Zaili in criticizing of text of the Sunnah as described in his book Nasbu Al-Raya in analyzing the hadiths of Hidayah. The science of criticism is well known science since the era of the Companions, and critics of the hadith of the honorable companions have played a very important role in the field of narration and carefully criticizing it. And by passage of the era of the Companions and beginning the era of the followers (tabieen), the criticism became more obvious depending on the growing need, especially after spreading of lie, and creation of fake hadith, which led the critics to further research and verification, for scrutiny between the narrations and then differentiation between the right and the weak. The imams and scholars of hadith from the era of the Companions till present continuously inheriting the approach of criticizing the narratives in succession of their predecessors, whether criticizing the narrators or the texts. I have seen that it is worthwhile to stand on the efforts and methods of one of the imams in his criticism of the hadiths and I have chosen the effort of Imam Hafiz al-Zaili through his book " Nasbu Al-Raya in analyzing the hadiths of Hidayah" to learn how he was using the standards traded among the scholars of Hadith for textual criticism of Sunnah. As the those denied the hadiths from orientalists and their followers and those who follow their example simply claim that the scholars of hadith did not criticize the Sunnah in true criticism and even if they have criticized the hadiths, their criticism was only concerning the narratives not the text, now it is clear through this article that the scholars of hadith did not leave the side of the text, but they criticized text as they criticized the attribution of the hadiths. They set solid rules, which remain scholarly proven and accurate forever. We will revolve in this article around the following topics: learning about Al Hafez Zaili and the science of criticism, methods of textual criticism according to Hafiz Zaili, by focusing on: Criticism of the hadiths for violating the explicit meaning of the Qur'an, or for contradicting the Sunnah, or for contradicting the explicit consensus, or for risking and exaggerating the promise or the warning of simple action, or lack thereof in books of hadith These are the most important rules sited by al-Hafiz al-Zaili, which he practiced and criticized the hadiths and distinguished them between the correct and the weak.
Okra is an important vegetable crop known for its high nutritional value. It needs frequent irrigation for good economic yield. Despite the fact that Pakistan has world’s best irrigation system, it is amongst world’s most water stressed countries. Keeping in view the upcoming water shortage in future, a study composed of four different experiments was conducted during summer season for two consecutive years (i.e. 2013 and 2014). In first experiment, to find out critical crop growth stage and to assess harmful effects of drought on okra growth, quality and yield parameters, deficit irrigation (50% less water than normal requirement) was applied at seedling (S), vegetative (V) and reproductive (R) stage, alone as well as in all possible combinations (i.e. S+V, V+R, S+R, S+V+R). While in second and third experiment the foliar application of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid at different growth stages of okra (2 leaf stage, 4 leaf stage, flowering stage and their combinations) was evaluated for drought mitigation. Additionally, in fourth experiment inoculation of okra seed with different doses of azotobacter prior to seed sowing were also tested under drought conditions. Results of study revealed that drought at seedling stage increased plant mortality percentage. However, the survived plants successfully recovered and gave good yield while drought at vegetative and reproductive stage was highly destructive for morphological and reproductive traits, respectively. However, drought at all growth stages (S+V+R) was found most destructive as compared to single stage. Foliar application of 2 mM salicylic acid at 4 leaf + flowering stage improved okra yield, while application of 2 mM ascorbic acid at 2 leaf + 4 leaf + flowering stage showed good results under water stress conditions. After application of ascorbic acid and salicylic acid revealed significant results in case of morphological (plant height, stem diameter, internodal distance, root length, root shoot ratio, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area and leaf area index), physiological (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, relative leaf water contents and cell membrane permeability), biochemical (N, K, Ca and chlorophyll pigments) and yield traits (pod length, pod weight, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, fruit yield/plant, fruit yield/ha, seed yield/plant and seed yield/ha). Seed inoculation with 1.5 g per 10 g okra seed was found superior in improving all parameters under water stress conditions except number of branches/plant, total dry matter contents, phosphorus concentration, pod diameter, number of seeds/pod and 1000 seed weight.