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Potential of Compost and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Biofortification of Iron and Zinc in Wheat

Thesis Info

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Author

Javed, Hina

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8852/1/Hina%20Javed%20Soil%20Science%20HSR%20%202017%20UAF%20full%20thesis%20pdf.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726976988

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Agriculture have been responsible for feeding growing population for decads by developing new technologies of crops especially staple crops like maize, wheat, rice etc. But unfortunately the main focus of agriculture have always been on increasing crop production instead of promoting human health. To improve human health, increase in micronutrient contents in crops are required. To mitigate this micronutrient malnutrition, fortification of food is most common approach. Among fortification, biofortification of crops with essential nutrients provides an economical tool to rescue micronutrient deficiency in target populations globally. The use of plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPR) is promising technique in this respect. It is well recognized that the mobilization of plant nutrient is promoted by the use of microorganisms and it ultimately reduces the need of chemical fertilizers. However, informations on interventions using PGPR or other biological agents is limited. This study included isolation, screening and characterization of Zn-solubilizing and siderophore producing PGPR and optimization of different compost levels for improving Zn and Fe availability in soils. For this purpose, several zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) were isolated from rhizosphere of wheat crop from different areas and quantified on the basis of zinc solubilizing potential and maximum pH reduction in broth culture by bacterial isolates. The isolates were then checked for their potential to produce siderophores. Af ter that, 35 bacterial isolates were selected and screened on the basis of plant growth promotion activities under axenic conditions. From this, 7 bacterial isolates were selected for pot study. These isolates had ability for IAA production both in presence and absence of L-tryptophane and also had ACC-deaminase activity. These isolates were also capable of producing different types of organic acids that reduces the soil pH. Different levels of compost (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 kg/ha) was mixed with soil and incubated for different time intervals and then selected on the basis of iron and zinc release pattern through optimization study. With increasing application of compost, the iron and zinc release was also increased and became maximum at 800 kg/ha compost. After that there was non-significant effect of compost on zinc and iron release and with further increase, this release start decreasing. Soil dehydrogenase and phosphatae activities was also increased with compost application. The release was maximum after 45 days of incubation. These compost levels and selected isolates from previous study was then evaluated in pot experiment. Data were analyzed following Factorial under CRD. The inoculation of bacterial isolates showed positive effect on physical, physiological and yield parameters over un-inoculated control. Among the isolates H-103 performed better and showed maximum growth. The results of 800 kg/ha application of compost was significant from lower levels (0 and 600kg/ha) and nonsignificant with higher level (1000 kg/ha). Grain zinc and iron concentration was also significantly increased by combined use of compost and bacterial isolates. These results were then confirmed under field trial. Data were analyzed following Factorial under RCBD. The inoculation of bacterial isolates showed positive effect on physical, physiological and yield parameters over un-inoculated control. Among the isolates H-103 performed better and showed maximum growth. Maximum growth was recorded with 800 kg/ha compost application. Seed zinc and iron concentration was increased and phytic acid contents were decreased upon inoculation. Concluding, the combined use of PGPR and compost is an effective, economical, novel approach for improving yield, quality and nutritional status of wheat crop which can help in combating micronutrient deficiencies. ate showed less height as compared to other isolate, but still it shows a positive response when compared with the control.
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شعر و شاعر سبھی کمال ہوئے

شعر و شاعر سبھی کمال ہوئے
لب ہلے اور پل خیال ہوئے

میں نے یزداں سے پوچھنا یہ ہے
کیسے یوسف ہیں خوش جمال ہوئے

تیرے ہونٹوں کا تذکرہ نہ ہوا
ختم سارے سخن خیال ہوئے

ان کی مژگاں کی بات کیا چھیڑوں
ان پہ قربان سو ہلال ہوئے

تیری تصویر بھی ملی نہ کہیں
آج دل کو عجب ملال ہوئے

رنگ، تتلی، کلی، صبا، شبنم
یہ فضاؔ کے ہیں خد و خال ہوئے

المحاسبة الإدارية فـي القـرآن الكـريم مـن خلال قصة يوسـف عـليه السلام: دراسة تأصيلية مقارنة

تناولت الدراسة قضية المحاسبة الإدارية فـي القـرآن الكـريم مـن خلال قصة سيدنا يوسـف عـليه السلام، وأثرها عـلى عـلم المحاسبة الإدارية بصورة خاصة وعـلوم الإدارة بصورة عامة، وتهدف الدراسة إلى بيان أقوال المفسرين والفقهاء قديمـا وحديثا مـع ذكر أقوال عـلمـاء متخصصي المحاسبة الإدارية وربطها بقصة يوسـف عـليه السلام فـي صورة عـلمية توضح أبعاد مقاصد القـرآن الكـريم الذي يجمـع جميع العـلوم المختلفة. واستخدم الباحث المـنهج الإستقرائي المقارن، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة مـن النتائج أهـمها: أظهر يوسـف قدرته فـي إدارة أزمة سنين القحط التي أصابت مصر ومـا حـولها بصورة مثالية فريدة مـن نوعها فـي ذلك الوقت، حتى جعـل أهل مصر مـا رأينا ملك أفضل مـنه. ومـن أهـم التوصيات: يوصي الباحث طلاب العـلوم الإدارية ومديري الإدارات فـي مسيرتهـم المهنية أن يكون قدوتهـم فـي ذلك سيدنا يوسـف عـليه السلام.

Analysis of the Relationships Among Strategic Quality Orientation, Innovation Capabilities and Business Outcomes of Mobile Network Operators in Pakistan

This research study explores the relationships among Strategic Quality Orientation (Soft and Hard Quality Management Practices), Innovation Capabilities (Exploitative and Explorative Innovation) and Business Outcomes (Innovation Success and Sustainable Business Growth) of Mobile Network Operators in Pakistan. The telecommunication industry of Pakistan is facing increasing challenges in maintaining quality of services, meeting the diversified customer needs, being innovative and ensuring sustainability in business growth. It has been observed that the operators providing telecommunication services in Pakistan do not follow a steady trend in terms of their growth and sustainability. This can be realized by having a firm commitment on maintaining quality and addressing customer needs by improving existing business practices and adopting emerging technologies. Using the dynamic capability theory, the study suggests that Quality Management and Innovation can be integrated together to ensure Sustainable Business Growth in a step-wise joint improvement framework. Relationships among the variables are modeled in a sequence from Strategic Quality Orientation to Innovation Capabilities and then to Sustainable Business Growth. The study analyzes how Strategic Quality Orientation practices can foster Innovation Capabilities, and what is the mediating role of Hard Quality Management practices in it. It examines how the Innovation Capabilities and their outcomes can ensure sustainable growth of MNOs, and how the direct success of Innovation Capabilities mediates this process. The moderating effects of intensity of market competition and regulatory conditions on the framework have also been examined under the contingency theory perspective. In order to determine and establish these relationships a conceptual framework was formulated, and a vii questionnaire survey was conducted on the target population to empirically examine the framework. Results were obtained on the basis of 485 samples collected through a survey. The proposed framework was tested for three types of model fit (Direct Co-variation, Indirect Mediation and Moderation fit) through Structural Equation Modeling – SEM technique, which suggested good model fitness. The results show that Soft Quality Management practices positively influence Hard Quality Management practices and they both have a positive impact on Innovation Capabilities, while Hard Quality Management mediates this relationship. Innovation Capabilities have a positive impact on Innovation Success. However, only Explorative Innovation has a significant positive impact on Sustainable Business Growth, while, Innovation Success mediates this relationship. The proposed moderating relationships were also found significant. Building on the perspective of dynamic capabilities which suggests that quality and innovation does not necessarily compete for rare resources and hence can exist together, the research study contributes in the field of quality and innovation management by conceptually and empirically establishing a joint framework of these approaches to achieve sustainable growth, with strategic quality orientation as the foundation for innovation. Through conceptual and empirical analysis the study suggests that both quality and innovation are important improvement approaches and setting a conducive quality driven culture, systems and processes with strong performance objectives and continual improvement initiatives enable innovation capabilities of exploitation and exploration. Since quality management practices supplements innovation capabilities, which in turn leads to sustainable growth, the two approaches can be integrated together and coexist in a cumulative improvement framework.