Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and one of the most important public health challenges facing mankind. The use of the folkloric remedies for the wellbeing of the mankind has been in practice since ancient times. Citrullus colocynthis (Cucurbitaceae), Capparis decidua (Capparaceae) and Fagonia cretica L. (Zygophyllaceae) are the medicinal plants used widely in Punjab, Pakistan. A recent survey has demonstrated that traditional healers and herbalists frequently use these plants to treat diabetes. Initially all the three plants were characterized in vitro and in vivo animal studies to identify the most potent plant amongst these. In the current study, the traditional medicine (TM) of the most effective plant (Fagonia cretica L.) was prepared as a tea and the profile of the main metabolites present in TM, was analyzed via LC/MS/MS. The TM inhibits α-glucosidase in vitro with an IC50 of 4.62±0.27 μg/ml. The hypoglycemic effect of the TM was evaluated in normoglycemic and Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide treated diabetic rats, using glibenclamide as internal control. The hypoglycemic effects were observed upto 3 hrs. The preparation (250 or 500mg/kg body weight) was administered one a day for 21 consecutive days. The dose of 500mg/kg was effective in the management of the disease causing a 45% decrease in plasma glucose level at the end of experimental period on Day 21. Histological analysis of pancreatic sections confirmed that STZ/NIC treatment caused destruction of pancreatic islet cells while pancreatic sections from treatment groups showed that both the extract and Glibenclamide partially prevented this deterioration. The mechanism of this protective effect is unclear. The radical scavenging potential of the ethyl acetate fraction (93%) and the cytotoxic efficiency (4.7±0.21) of the dichloromethane fraction is an edge of Fagonia cretica L. over the other plants under investigation. However, such a finding coupled with the safety profile observed by the biochemical parameters as marker of toxicity, suggests that ingestion of the tea could confer addition benefits and should be investigated further. The formulated tablets of Fagonia cretica L. lyophilized powder showed the physical variables of the formulation (Weight variation, Hardness, Friability and Disintegration) within the pharmacopoeial (BP) limits. The clinical trials of the formulation conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur have further proven the efficacy of this folkloric medicinal plant in the management of the disease. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels coupled with glycosylated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c -an excellent tool to assess the glycemic control over the entire period of time) confirms the claims made by the local healers of the area. Glycaemic control and the safety profile at preliminary levels suggest the incorporation of this folkloric remedy of the area into the treatment options for the management of the disease. However long term clinical trials on lager number of subjects and safety profile for a longer period of time are necessary elements for the integration of this important plant into the main stream treatment options. We have the faith on the basis of the undertaken studies that use of the remedy made from lyophilized powder of the plant extract could be a supportive tool for the claim made by the local healers for the management of disease in Pakistan.
مولانا ابوالبرکات عبدالرؤف داناپوری مہینوں سے اخبار نہیں پڑھتا کہ ان کو پڑھ کر ایک ایسے شخص کو جو ملک میں ہر طرح امن و امان اور مہر و محبت کا طالب ہو دلی صدمہ پہنچتا ہے، اسی لئے مولانا کی وفات کی خبر ان کے صاحبزادوں کے خطوط سے ہوئی، میں نے ان کے صاحبزادوں کو لکھا کہ مرحوم کے کچھ ابتدائی تعلیمی حالات مجھے لکھ کر بھیجیں۔ لیکن ان کا پھر کوئی جواب نہیں آیا، البتہ اخبارات کے چند تراشے ملے، جن میں وفات کی خبر کے سوا کچھ اور نہ تھا۔ مرحوم کا وطن صوبہ بہار میں شہر داناپور متصل پٹنہ تھا، مگر وہ ایک عرصہ سے کلکتہ میں طبیب کی حیثیت سے مقیم تھے اور گویا اب وہی ان کا گھر ہوگیا تھا، مجھے یہ بھی معلوم نہیں کہ انہوں نے تعلیم و تربیت کن اساتذہ سے حاصل کی، مگر گفتگو اور تحریر سے پتہ چلتا تھا کہ ان کو علوم دینیہ میں پوری دسترس حاصل تھی، پھر کلکتہ میں رہ کر اور سیاسی مجلسوں میں شرکت کے سبب سے وہ زمانہ کی ضروریات اور عصری خیالات و افکار سے پوری طرح آگاہ تھے اور ان علماء میں تھے جو قدیم علوم و اعتقادات فقہ کو جدید خیالات و افکار سے تطبیق دینے کی قدرت رکھتے ہیں۔ میری ان کی پہلی جان پہچان اس وقت ہوئی جب میں ۱۹۱۲ء میں الہلال کلکتہ کی ادارت میں شرکت کے لئے کلکتہ پہنچا اور اس تقریب سے کئی مہینہ کلکتہ رہنے کا اتفاق ہوا تو مختلف جلسوں میں ان سے گفتگو، بات چیت اور میل جول کی نوبت آئی، پھر ۱۹۱۷ء یا ۱۹۱۸ء میں مجلس علمائے بنگالہ کی صدر کی حیثیت سے جب میرا کلکتہ جانا ہوا اور یہ وہ وقت تھا جب اسی کے ساتھ لیگ اور کانگریس کے سالانہ اجلاس بھی وہاں ہورہے تھے...
This research deals with the power of language in politics, specifically in the dimension of Metaphors and the Rhetorical Philosophy of Aristotle's Ethos, which famous politicians significantly used. It determines the art of speech of three politicians, Former Prime Minister Imran Khan and former Presidents of the United States, Donald Trump and Barack Obama, who are consistently in the public eye for a great command of rhetorical language. Furthermore, the data combines and fusion of their pre-election and post-election speeches. The structure and layout of the research are first to emphasize and identify their art of speaking and delivery by comparing and contrasting these speakers and, secondly, analyzing their characteristics of how each one of them has chosen the tool of rhetorical and persuasive strategies in a unique style to make a striking impression upon the audience. These public speakers are specifically chosen for this research as they are renowned for their great competence and excellence in stump oratory, which built massive trust and created a socio-cognitive influence upon the audience’s mind. His research paradigm is based on a qualitative approach, and the design used in this study focuses on content analysis.
The availability of competent leaders for the sustainability of school improvement requires the development of potential leaders for the senior leadership positions. Mostly professional development of leaders is focused in the research studies (Turner, 2007) but the process of progression to senior leadership and factors affecting that process remain unpacked and unobserved, which create uncertainty and confusion for the potential leaders about their standing position in the process of progression. The purpose of this study was to explore the process of progression to senior leadership in a community based school in Karachi and to highlight the perception of teachers about the existing process of progression. Two phase sequential mixed method study was conducted to present a holistic picture of progression towards senior leadership. In the first phase through, interviews of a senior leader, the head of section and a class teacher; observations and document analysis, emerging themes about existing process were highlighted. A linear process of progression was identified within supporting and hindering factors' In the second phase, a five point rating scale survey questionnaire based on the emerging themes from phase one and research literature was used to gather teachers' perceptions about the existing process of progression, supporting factors, hindering factors and the teachers' satisfaction with the process. Survey findings were helpful to understand the teachers' perceptions about the process' A general agreement was observed among the teachers about the process of progression to leadership in the school. Their perceptions were similar to the leadership perceptions regarding process of progression and affecting factors. The dissertation also presents implications and recommendations for the future research in the area of leadership development' This study is helpful to potential leaders including teachers to plan their progression' It is also useful for the school leadership to enhance enabling factors and control the hindering factors involved in the process of progression.