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Home > Preparation of Nanosuspensions and Bioavailability Studies of Aceclofenac and Glimepiride

Preparation of Nanosuspensions and Bioavailability Studies of Aceclofenac and Glimepiride

Thesis Info

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Author

Rahim, Haroon

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Malakand

City

Malakand

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Pharmacy

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10229/1/Haroon%20Rahim_Pharmacy_2019_Malakand_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726996988

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Poor oral bioavailability is a major challenge affecting the new drugs reaching the market due to its low aqueous solubility. Nanosuspensions have the potential and rap-idly providing a platform solution to substantially increase dissolution rate, solubility with subsequent enhanced bioavailability via the oral route of administration of a range of poor water-soluble drugs. In this study cost effective simplest approach of precipitation combined with ultrasonication were utilized with aims to enhance the dissolution and hence the bioavailability of these selected drugs. Nanosuspensions of aceclofenac (AC) and glimepiride (GLM) were fabricated in precipitation and precipitation ultrasonication method. Stable nanocrystals of AC and GLM with particle size 112.0±2.01 nm and 152.4±2.42 nm with narrow polydis-persity index (PDI) (0.16±0.01) and (0.23±0.01) respectively, were produced in less than one hour using hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC 6cps) (1.0%), PVP-K30 (1.0% w/v) and SLS (0.12% w/v) as stabilizers/particles growth inhibitors. Similarly, the batch sizes were successfully scale up from 5ml to 400 ml for AC and from 5 ml to 300 ml for GLM with no significant increase in the mean particle size and PDI were observed. The crystallinity of the processed AC and GLM was confirmed using DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry) and P-XRD (powder x ray diffraction). The satu-ration solubility of the AC and GLM nanocrystals were substantially increased. The solubility of AC nanocrystals were increased to (752.4± 2 μg/mL) compared to the AC in water (171.4 ± 1.3 μg/mL) and stabilizer solution (358.3± 2.0 μg/mL), whereas for GLM the solubility of nanocrystals were increased to (900±1.8 μg/mL) and (684.6 μg/mL± 2.0) respectively, compared to the raw AC and GLM in water (145.0 ± 2.3 μg/mL) and (56.35 μg/mL ± 1.85) respectively and in stabilizer solution the sol- ii ubility were (300.0± 2.0 μg/mL) and (248.2 μg/mL ± 2.7) respectively. The physical stability studies of AC and GLM were conducted for 90 days at different storage tem-peratures including, 2-8°C, 25°C and 40°C, demonstrated that nanocrystals stored at 2-8°C and 25°C were most stable compared to the samples stored at 40°C. Similarly, AC and GLM nanocrystals showed enhanced dissolution rate compared to unpro-cessed, micronized and their marketed counterparts. The in-vivo studies conducted in rabbits (as animal model) of both AC and GLM nanosuspensions resulted in signifi-cantly greater Cmax and AUC compared to unprocessed drug. The liquid nanosuspen-sions of both selected drugs were incorporated as granulating fluid into other excipi-ents for conversion to solid dosage form (tablets). Prepared granules were tested for flow parameters and satisfactory results showed. The compressed tablets were evalu-ated for weight variation, disintegration, hardness, % assay, in-vitro dissolution and finally stability studies. In summary, the study demonstrates that both standard crystallization com-bined with ultrasonication are effective in producing stable nanocrystals with smallest particle sizes and enhanced dissolution rate, while controlling the key experimental and process conditions. The tablets prepared using nanosuspension as granulating agent in AC and GLM showed marked improvement in in-vitro dissolution when compared with using raw drug in the formulation
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14 سدھراں ماری

سدھراں ماری

 

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                رضیہ اپنے طالب علمی دے زمانے وچ ہمیش اپنیاں کلاس فیلوز توں اگے نکلنا چاہندی سی۔ پر کسے نہ کسے کارن اوہ اجہیا نہ کر سکی جیویں پچھلے سال نویں جماعت دے شروع وچ ای اوہنے کلاس وچ فسٹ آون لئی ات دی محنت شروع کردتی۔ پر امتحاناں توں ایک مہینا پہلاں اوہ اینی بیمار ہوئی کہ کتاباں تاں اک پاسے اوس دے بچن دی امید وی ختم ہوندی جاپی۔ پرجدوں امتحان مک گئے تاں ہولی ہولی اوہدی صحت بحال ہوئی تے کلاس وچ اوہ اٹھویں نمبر تے آئی۔ ایویں دسویں جماعت...

کُتبِ اُصول حدیث اکیسویں صدی میں ؛ایک تعارفی جائزہ An Introductory Review of the Books written on ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth in 2ist Century

Muslims are a unique nation in the world who have shown unparalleled activism in preserving their sayings and relics. Caution was in view from day one. The simple precautionary measures taken in the early days later took the form of theology. In the beginning, the principles and rules of this knowledge did not exist in a disciplined form, although the scholars of Muḥaddithin adhered to the basic principles of this knowledge from the very beginning. However, references to these principles were to be found in the books of the pious. In the 4th Hijri, the scholars of Muhaddithin compiled the previous scattered work on the art of the principle of Ḥadith. Now these comprehensive definitions and terms are before us in a systematic and disciplined form in the books of ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth. In this short essay, the definition and necessity and importance of Hadith and ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth have been highlighted and also an introductory review of books written on ‘Usūl e Ḥadīth th and their authors and authors has been presented. Which indicates this. How strict were the rules and regulations of the Muslim Ummah for examining the authenticity and text of the Holy Hadith and how did they separate the authentic, weak and subject matter of the hadiths and write their separate books? And how hard they have worked to promote art.

Uav-Aided Link-Novel Enhancement and its Physical Analysis for Ieee 802. 11P in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has aided in many communication networks such as cellular and device to device network. Use of UAV in the area of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is an area which has substantial potential. We present such a framework in which UAV provides assistance to the road side unit (RSU) for serving the vehicles. The framework uses carrier sense multiple access scheme (CSMA) with capture effect. This access mechanism is well famous for performance degradation due to its contention-based random nature. We model the behavior of the vehicle by using two dimensional Markov chain; evaluating the state as well as transition probabilities. Parameters such as signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) threshold and the access probability are optimized. Access probability is the probability of a vehicle using certain number out of total number of available channels. We present the RSUUAV framework to enhance the overall throughput and number of successful packets when compared with conventional vehicle-to-infrastructure system. We study the effect of different path loss component of ground-to-air link and ground-to-ground link of UAV and RSU servers respectively on the overall throughput. The transmission power variation is carried out with a combination of relative distance criteria and its scaling factor. Scaling factor is used for compensating the additional height of the UAV when compared with height of the RSU. We numerically find the best possible combination and scaling factor parameter. The proposed framework offers throughput improvement of 37.5%, 24.4% and 8.97% for vehicular density of 60, 120 and 180 respectively when compared with the RSU-only framework. Whereas, the proposed power scheme offers a throughput of upto 20.49% when compared with the constant power case.