A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of Tagumpay National High School Teachers Involved in Online Learning Action Cell Session

A qualitative phenomenological approach was used in this study to describe the lived experiences of Tagumpay National High School (TNHS) teachers on Online Learning Action Cell (LAC) session. LAC is a school-based professional development for teachers implemented by the Philippine Department of Education (DepEd). Due to teacher’s lack of participation on classroom LAC, a fully-online mode option is explored by offering TNHS teachers Online LAC session using Facebook as a Learning Management System (LMS). To capture the lived experience of teachers, an in-depth interview with a purposive sample of one TNHS teacher is done in the process. The data gathered went through “Hycner’s Explicitation Process” (1999, in Groenewald, 2004) which includes bracketing, delineating, clustering, summarizing and extracting unique themes. Validity and Credibility were accomplished through an intercoder agreement between researchers, Facebook chat records, bracketing, and member checking. Results identified three themes in relation to teacher’s experience of Online LAC session including usefulness, barriers, and preference. Findings revealed the major role of TNHS teacher’s context on how Online LAC is utilized. Recommendations include administrator and expert teacher working with classroom teachers and the inclusion of teachers’ voices as input in the program design, implementation and evaluation stages of Online LAC to better address curriculum needs and facilitate the delivery of high-quality professional development for teachers’ professional growth.

Evaluation of Different Bait Formulations for the Management of Indian Crested Porcupine, Hystrix Indica Kerr

Field trials were conducted in Abbotabad-Balakot tract (Pakistan), during April 2004 to January 2007 to select cheap, locally available and suitable bait formulations for Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) and tested these for their potentials to carry lethal quantities of rodenticides. Results of no-choice, multiple-choice and paired-choice tests revealed that groundnut was preferred, both in the whole and cracked forms, over maize, wheat, millet, rice, gram and oats. All the food items were consumed in significantly higher quantities than in their whole form, except for rice. Consumption of all the food grains significantly increased with increasing length of its exposure to the novel food, indicating a careful nature of the species in selecting new food. No-choice tests revealed that groundnut - maize 1:1 mixture can be cost effective bait base and its consumption was not signiifcantly different from that of pure groundnut. Saccharin (5%) supplemented groundnut – maize (1:1) bait was consumed in significantly higher quantities, while all other aditives (common salt, egg yolk, egg shell powder, fish meal, peanut butter, mineral oil, bone meal, coconut oil and yeast powder) at both 2% and 5% concentrations and saccharin at 2% concentration did not significantly increase the intake of groundnut – maize (1:1) bait. Consumption of bait, offered after 3 days of pre-baiting, significantly declined when poisoned with 3% zinc phophide and such effects were delayed with 2% and 1% zinc phosphide. Groundnut – maize (1:1) poisoned with 2% zinc phosphide resulted in maximum decrease (55%) in porcupine burrow activity. Strychnine alkaloid (2%) added groundnut – maize (1:1) bait was seriously shuned by porcupine and caused minimum reduction (25%) in burrow activity. Coumatetralyl (0.0375%) added bait caused the highest reduction (80%) in burrow activity. Saccharin (5%) supplemented poison baits were more acceptable and caused some 10% higher reduction in burrow activity using allpoison cereal bait formulations. Field trials on fresh food items suggested that guava was preferred over potato, carrot and sweet potato. Peanut butter did not significantly increase consumption of guava. Consumption of zinc phosphide impregnated guava, offered after 3 days of pre- baiting, exhibited a decline and no bait was consumed on 3 rd day of poison baiting. Decline was the most rapid with 3% zinc phosphide and minimum with 1% zinc phosphide. Maximum reduction in burrow activity (55%) was recorded with 2% zinc phosphide, followed by 1% (35%) and 3% (25%). Fumigation of porcupine burrows with aluminium phosphide tablets produced 100% reduction in burrow activity, by applying 8 tablets per burrow, 85%, by 6 tablets and 75% by 4 tablets per burrow. A 100% reduction in burrow activity was recorded by applying 4 tablets of aluminum phosphide per burrow in small, 6 tablets in medium and 8 tablets in large burrows. The present study suggested that initial control of the porcupine can be achieved by applying 2% zinc phosphide using guava or 1:1 groundnut – maize mixture supplemented with 5% saccharin. Coumatetralyl (0.0375%) poisoned bait can give a higher control of porcupine, yet involves a higher labour cost and can used as a second line of action. Fumigation of burrows with aluminum phosphide is though cost effective and can be used in the porcupine management programme, yet is non- specific in its action and hence can be pressed into action under emergent conditions only.