The present study was carried out to highlight the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths infection among wild and domestic ruminants (Chinkara, Blackbuck; Cattle, Camel, Sheep and Goat, respectively) and documentation of ethnoveterinary practices, spawning their life histories under semi-intensive ecological conditions in Cholistan desert, Pakistan. With this regard, total 1010 feacal samples were collected and analyzed to investigate the presence of gastrointestinal helminths among these ruminants. Parasitological procedures including direct and indirect methods (Sedimentation and floatation) and coproculture were used for the identification of helminths with the help of authentic keys. Among all feacal samples 27 helminth species were recorded e.g. 18 nematodes, 06 trematodes and 03 cestodes, respectively. Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., Chabertia ovina, Trichuris globulosa, Ostertagia circumcincta were most common among nematodes, Fasciola hepatica among trematodes and Moniezia expanda among cestodes. The overall prevalence of helminthiasis were 44.6% in cattle, 43.6% in sheep, 39% in goats, 37.0% in camel, 26.6% in chinkara and 20% in blackbuck with the prominence of nematodes among all. While, their high prevalence were in sub-adult as compared to adult and female as compared to male, respectively. However, poor-resourced farmers in Cholistan are curing their herds with locally available facilities e.g. ethnoveterinary medical (EVM), those are precious source of all pastoralists from ancient era. Therefore, currently EVM practices among these pastoralists were recorded for the development of sole strategies with regard to their efficacy and confirmatory standards for future integrity. For this purposes, 109 local healers and farmers were interviewed through questionnaire for recording commonlivestock ailments treatments practices. The medicinal materials used and their preparation, mode of administration and doses were recorded. Most ingredients among ethnoveterinary practices were plant extract, seeds, leaves, barks of trees, tubers, roots of various plants and others consist of wood ash, common salt, potassium, jaggery, milk fat and spent engine oil etc. These are processed in various ways and administrated to animals for a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases. However, Livestock healthiness is obligatory for the well being of humanity and sustainability of ecosystems. Hence, the current investigations are key stones to formulate the paramount reforms to achieve the Ideology of White Revolution and to sustain an important wealth of our country, because, helminths - due to their cosmopolitan nature cause serious metabolic disorders leading to retarded growth, lowered productivity and efficiency, ultimately death and huge economic loss. For ideal future, Govt. and Non-Govt. Organizations should launch further phytochemical and pharmacological studies to sustain existing wealth.
دہشت گردی ایک المیّہ ہے بھلا بے دخل ہو کیوں کر مکاں اپنے مکینوں سے وہ دہشت گرد بن جاتے ہیں جن کے گھر نہیں رہتے دہشت گردی کا لفظ گذشتہ چند سالوں سے ہمارے معاشرے میں اتنا استعمال ہونے لگا ہے کہ اس سے خوف و ہر اس کی کیفیت پیدا ہوگئی ہے۔ کیونکہ جس لفظ کے ساتھ اس کا لاحقہ اشتراک کرتا ہے وہ زیادہ نقصان دہ ہو جاتا ہے اگر یہ لفظ وکیل کے ساتھ استعمال ہوتو قانونی دہشت گردی، محلے کے ساتھ استعمال ہوتو محلاتی دہشت گردی ، لفظ دہشت گردی خوف و ہراس کی علامت بن چکا ہے۔ دہشت گردی ایک المیّہ ہے وہ معاشرہ، وہ قوم،وہ ملک جو پسماندگی کی کیفیت سے دو چار ہو اور کئی المیے جس کے حسن کو گہنا رہے ہوں ، اس کے استحکام کو متزلزل کر رہے ہوں۔ اس کی فلک بوس عمارتوں کو مسمار کر رہے ہوں تو وہ قابلِ رحم ملک ہے۔ ہمارے ہاں المیوں کا جم غفیر ہے جو ہمارے مسلم معاشرے کو بیخ و بن سے اکھاڑنے کے درپے ہیں۔ ہمارے ہاں عصبیت ایک المیہ ہے، اقربا پروری ایک المیہ ہے، کرپشن ایک المیہ ہے،رشوت ایک المیہ ہے۔ منافقت ایک المیہ ہے، بے جا مخالفت ایک المیہ ہے اور اس وقت جس نے ہماری کمرتوڑ کر رکھ دی ہے وہ مہنگائی کا المیہ ہے۔ ان سب المیوں سے زیادہ خطر ناک ، زیادہ ہیبت ناک ، زیادہ خوفناک ، زیادہ اندوہناک المیہ دہشتگردی کا ہے۔ یہ ایک ایسا المیہ ہے جس نے عوام الناس کا آرام و سکون برباد کر رکھا ہے۔ کوئی جان کسی حال میں بھی محفوظ نہیں ہے۔ گھر ، بازار مسجد ،مزار کوئی جگہ بھی محفوظ نہیں ہے۔ اسلام امن پسند مذہب ہے ،مکمل ضابطہ حیات ہے۔ اللہ تعالیٰ کا پسندیدہ دین ہے۔ امن وسلامتی...
There has been a tussle going on between Islam and democracy for many decades in the Muslim world which has benefited most certainly the anarchic factions like kings, lords and army dictators. Though democracy is close to Islam and thought to be the best of all types of governments as majority is authority in it that may make or mar the government. In a democratic setup, the individual and personal rights and freedom are considered which is why it is preferred more these days. Many as Muslim thinkers are also in favor of it, but still there is a large faction of clerical scholars who deem democracy as the root of all evils since it empowers general public as an authoritative and decisive force. However with the passage of time, the Islamic counseling system has evolved and come very close to the spirit of democracy. Therefore, may contemporary scholars hold Islamic counseling and democracy almost similar. This article aims to present a preview of democracy and counseling in the light of what the Ulema (Scholars) say about it.
This PhD thesis presents details of electrode modification and its application as a sensitive electrochemical platform for efficient water splitting and traces level detection of drugs. For water splitting the reaction for oxygen evolution has unfavourable thermodynamics since it needs energy to proceed. Lately scientists are focused to develop cheap oxygen evolving catalysts that are abundantly present in nature and have succeeded as well. But stability and efficiency of these catalysts still demands improvements. In this respect a part of the current work is focused on the development of an industrially favourable material that is durable and suitable for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at low values of overpotential. Herein the synthesis of a novel and stable alkyl amine ligands containing NiFe complex material is reported, which displays remarkably high OER performance and extraordinary stability for OER stretching over days at varying temperature conditions under alkaline conditions. The powdered form of catalyst was found to give signal of OER at overpotential of 290 mV for consecutive 14 hours. The presence of binder in the preparation method of the powdered catalyst caused to affect its conductivity. Therefore, the catalyst was directly grown on nickel foam electrode which demonstrated improved water splitting performance as evidenced by 230 mV overpotential and stability upto consecutive 20 hours. After modification, the electrode was developed into a sensor for drugs analysis. Three different nanobiosensors were prepared using graphene oxide, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and gold and silver nanoparticles using screen printed electrode. Nanomaterials are associated with favorable characteristics including large surface area and rare electrical properties. So, nanomaterial-enriched deoxyribonucleic acid DNA sensors were developed for sensing the DNA binding events of a number of anticancer drugs. The results revealed decrease in signals response of DNA bases (adenine and guanine) due to the damage of the oxidizable moieties of these electroactive bases. The sensors demonstrated good values of sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, fast detection ability and to analyse drugs in its pharmaceutical dosage.