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Prevalence of Trichomonas Gallinae in Some Avi-Fauna of Faisalabad, Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Hassan Ali Farooq

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Zoology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12520/1/Hassan%20Ali%20Farooq_Zoology_2019_UAF.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727008992

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Of the two studied birds, blue rock pigeon (Columba livia domestica) and common myna (Acridotheres tristis), are largely considered a native species throughout the cultivations, barns, farmyards and the coastal habitats in Asia. They also indicated close association with man. The present study focused on their roost characteristics and the incidence of trichomonosis in the eight selected sub-habitats in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Considering the tree composition of the dominant and codominant trees in the differential study sites indicated three DBH (diameter at breast height) categories, average tree height and total depressions. The University Campus comprising sufficiently large number of trees of different categories, adding to the lush green landscapes was highest (487; 14.7%) on the main campus and student residence roads similarly, highest tree depressions of the sampled trees (2870; 12.5%) were also recorded. The situation in the other two sub-habitats, Gatwala Forest Plantations and Postgraduate Agricultura Research Station also, harboured with the highest proportions of trees of all the three (DBH) categories (294; 8.9%), comprising (1869; 6.3%) tree depressions and also (537; 16.27%) number of tree and tree hollows (2820; 5.26%) respectively the remaining five study sites viz. Aminpur canal rest house, Satiana canal rest house, Tarkhani bunglow, Burala bunglow and Monngi bunglow also possessed a differential number of trees with varying numbers of trees of the three DBH categories and different tree depressions. Significantly, all such sub-habitats were about 12.5 acres and have been constructed before the partition of the sub-continent. Small crops of agricultural importance to suffice the residing small populations here. The roost characteristics such as exit and return, call notes and the intra and inter specific competitions were also studied at the present study sites. All of them exhibited varying numerical values, but the morning hours indicated outburst exist during the summer and winter seasons, perhaps to enable the two birds (pigeon and myna) to suffice their feeding requirements following the previous nights, hiatus. Avian trichomonosis appeared to be an archetypal infection among the wild columbids and some other birds. Interestingly, it is also reported from the passerines like chaffinches and greenfinches of Europe. Outbreaks among the house finches, goldfinches and also purple finches are recoded in South American habitats. Evidently, of a total (168) samples of the common myna which were procured from different study sites, 32 were found infected with the parasite Trichomonas gallinae indicating a percentage of (20%), while from the in 204 samples of the rock dove, 51 comprised the infectious parasite with a percentage of (25%). For the present study incidence of trichomonosis remain evident with respect to the three sub-genotypes (C4, 59%; A1, 23% and C8, 18%) from the various sub-habitats of Faisalabad District, Pakistan. Furthermore, the subgenotype type (C) parasites occurred in mynas, considered analogous to the pandemic finch strain, the sub-genotype (A), but it remains the first known recognized incidence among in the passerine with this parasite genotype. The sup-type analyses of the common myna indicated that (C4) is prevalent in distribution worldwide. Moreover, gender of both the birds appeared to indicate its certain role regarding the parasitic epidemic in the existing study sites. For the common myna, the males were (28%) and the females were about (12%), while in the rock dove, females indicated (27%) and the males of (18%) in terms of infection. Similarly, analysis of the bird baths (small water channels) and the bird seeds also confirmed occurrence of Trichomonas gallinae type (C) of about (12.5%) of the total tested samples. Finally, haematological analysis of the samples evinced lowered body weights and anaemia is possible due to lesion formation and the resulting internal bleeding in the upper respiratory tract. Drug susceptibility studies (in vitro) suggested C4 in the mynas proved more resistant than the similar strain in the pigeons. Moreover, among the pigeons (C8) proved more resistant to the different drug concentrations of metronidazole, dimetridazole, ornidazole and ronidazole. Multi-locus sequence typing remains an alternating tool to answer the complex phylogenetic association and drug resistance related to same subtype.
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حضرت پیر جلیل احمد اخون

حضرت پیر جلیل اخون
بخشش لئی ہے نیک شگون
پیر نیاز محمد نے جد ایتھے لائیاں تلیاں
دین نبیؐ دی شمع نال چا روشن کیتیاں گلیاں
ایڈی دین دی خدمت کیتی داد دتی سی ولیاں
دین دی خدمت کارن ہر کوئی آپ دا سی ممنون
ایڈے زاہد عالم کامل وچ زمانے فردا
قدراں دے نال جانے ہر کوئی گلہ نہ کوئی کردا
حافظ، قاری، عالم، کامل ہر کوئی پانی بھردا
باقی سب ستارے نیں تے آپ انہاندے ’’مون‘‘
بابا جی دے بیٹے سارے پیار بھرے نے بھائی
پیر جلیل نے ودھ انہاں توں بہتی شہرت پائی
ایڈے زاہد، کامل، اکمل، فقر دی جوت جگائی
آپ دی جے کر محفل بہئے ملدا بڑا سکون

شیخ کبیر اختر سائیں توں فیض روحانی پائے
ایڈا ادب تے خدمت کیتی بن مخدوم سی آئے
خالی کدی نہ پرتے جیہڑے خدمت دے وچ آئے
فائدہ ہر نوں ملدا جیویں فائدہ دیوے زمین وہون
ایڈا وڈا دین دا مرکز بچے پڑھن ہزاراں
فقہ ، حدیث ، قرآن، فقر دیاں لگیاں موج بہاراں
رم جھم رحمتاں برسن ایتھے ہووے شفا بیماراں
کامل پیر دے چرناں وچ ناں وڑدا شیطان ملعون
ظاہر باطن فیض انہاندا ہر ہر جائیں ملدا
جھنڈا لایا بدر عالم جو اجے وی ایتھے ہلدا
آپ دی جامع دا پڑھیا تے علم دریا تھیں ٹھلدا
لکھ ہنیریاں گھلن قائم رہے گا دین دا ایہہ ستون
دستار مبارک جبہ عاصا بوہت حضرت نوں سجدا
تکدا جیہڑا ہک واری اوہ ویکھ ویکھ ناں رجدا
شہرت ملدی نال نصیباں ، کرم ہے سوہنے رب دا
مفتی خلیق ہے آپ نوں جیویں موسیٰ نوں ہارون

تفسیر القرآن از سر سید احمد خان کا تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ

Sir Syed Aḥmed Khān belonged to a famous family of the subcontinent during the late Mughal and early British colonial period. He was famous for his close relations with the colonial government. He served many years in the judiciary. In recognition of his services, he was conferred upon with various titles such as Sir, The Imperial Advisor, etc. He is the founder of the educational campaign which was later known as the Aligarh movement. He was worried about the future of Muslims in India. This worry forced him to produce various literary and Islamic books to uplift the political, cultural, educational and social status of the Indian Muslims. One of his famous contribution to Islamic literature of Quranic exegeses is his Tafsīr al-Qur’ān. His tafsīr is influenced by western thoughts. He, instead of following the traditional methodology of Quranic exegeses, tried to understand the Quranic verses rationally. This led him to deviate from many established concepts of Islamic doctrines. He went against the Muslims’ affirmed beliefs in his exegesis. He mistrusted some of the basics of Islamic thoughts and tried his best to make new parameters of writing & reading of the Quranic exegesis on human logics. In addition, some of his views show certain relevance to the Mu'tazilites school of thought. The aim of this paper is to present an analytical and a critical evaluation of the exegetical opinions of Sir Syed Aḥmed Khān, particularly on the issues where he deviated from the mainstream Islamic thoughts in his exegesis, Tafsīr al-Qur’ān.

Boundary Value Problems for Fractional Differential Equations: Existence Theory and Numerical Solutions

Fractional calculus can be considered as supper set of conventional calculus in the sense that it extends the concepts of integer order differentiation and integration to an arbitrary (real or complex) order. This thesis aims at existence theory and numerical solutions to fractional differential equations. Particular focus of interest are the boundary value problems for fractional order differential equations. This thesis begins with the introduction to some basic concepts, notations and definitions from fractional calculus, functional analysis and the theory of wavelets. Existence and uniqueness results are established for boundary value problems that include, two–point, three–point and multi–point problems. Sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions and multiple positive solutions to scalar and systems of fractional differential equations are established using the Guo–Krasnoselskii cone expansion and compression theorems. Owning to the increasing use of fractional differential equations in basic sciences and engineering, there exists strong motivation to develop efficient, reliable numerical methods. In this work wavelets are used to develop a numerical scheme for solution of the boundary value problems for fractional ordinary and partial differential equations. Some new operational matrices are developed and used to reduce the boundary value problems to system of algebraic equations. Matlab programmes are developed to compute the operational matrices. The simplicity and efficiency of the wavelet method is demonstrated by aid of several examples and comparisons are made between exact and numerical solutions.