Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence has not been well established. The aim of this study was to define prospectively non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence in hospitalized and ambulatory patients 20-65 years old during June 2013 to June 2014 were selected from Combined Military Hospital Peshawar Cantonment area. A base line questionnaire and right upper quadrant ultrasound was completed by all patients. On identifications of fatty liver among the selected cases further lab test data and liver biopsy reports were obtained. Mean BMI of female was 29.9 ± 5.65 while prevalence of hypertension and diabetes were 49.8% and 16.6% respectively. Among all patients 62% were Punjabis, 23% were Pathans while 12% were Sindhies.Overall NAFLD prevalence was 47% while NASH was confirmed in 20 patients (12.3% of total and 30%of ultrasound positive patients). Pathans had the highest prevalence of NAFLD (58.5%) as compared to Punjabi’s (44.5%) and Sindhies (35.3%). Pathans also had a higher prevalence of NASH compared with Punjabies (19.5% VS 10%: p-value= .03).In general NAFLD patients were more prevalent among male (59%), Diabetic (p-value <0.00005), hypertensive (p-value< 0.00005) and older (p-value< 0.005). They consumed more fast food (p-value = 0.049) had a higher BMI (p-value<0.0005) and had little or no exercise as compared to their normal or non NAFLD counter parts (p-value= 0.02). NAFLD was found in 75% and NASH in 22.5% among the 26 diabetic patients. ALT, AST, BMI, insulin, quantitative insulin sensitivity checks index and cytokeratin – 18 correlated with NASH. It was concluded that NAFLD and NASH prevalence is higher than estimated previously, Pathans and Patients with diabetes are at high risk.In this part of the study, the effects of tablets Nigella Sativa on fatty liver disease in rats were determined. Fatty liver disease are increasing worldwide due to physical inactivity and increased fructose intake in processed foods. The seeds and oil of the plant Nigella Sativa have been widely used in various countries of the world to promote health and cure disease. The study was conducted on 52 aged (16-18 months) male albino rats to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa tablets dietary supplementation on fatty liver disease. Rats were randomly divided in; Group-I (Control rats C) (n = 20) fed standard rat diet; Group-II (Fatty liver Group-F) (n=14) fed high fructose diet (diet having 60% fructose w/w) and Group-III (Fatty liver/ Nigella sativaGroup-F/NS) (n = 18) fed Group-F diet but mixed with crushed tablets (1.6 g/kg) in order to achieve Nigella sativa daily intake of 170mg/kg b.w. During this study rats were monitored for daily food intake and weekly body weight. The parameters including body weight final, BMI, liver weight, serum glucose,insulin, HOMA-R, TC, HDL-c, LDL-c, vLDL-c, Adiponectin, TNF-α, AST, ALT and bilirubin were monitored after six weeks in the selected group of rats. The rats livers, brains and kidneys histopathological examination were also carried out.The Real-Time PCR(RT- PCR) of superoxide dismutase (Sod1, Sod2) and DNA glycosylase (Ogg1, MutY) were used for the detection ofenzymatic antioxidant defense system. The western blot anlysis of OGG1 expression was used for the detection of DNA repaire. Our results show that that there was a significant increase in visceral fat weight in Group-F compared to Group-C and a significant decrease in Group-F/NS compared to Group-F. Both Group-F and Group-F/NS had significant increase in glucose fasting, insulin, HOMA R, TC, LDL-c, vLDL-c, TNF-α, AST, ALT and bilirubin. While a significant decrease in serum adiponectin compared to Group-C. However, Group-F/NS showed significant decrease in serum glucose fasting, insulin, HOMA-R, TC, LDL-c, TNF-α, AST, ALT and bilirubin as well adiponectin increased significantly compared to Group-F. Histopathological examination in Group-F showed vascular congestion in the liver, kidneys, necrosis of renal tubular cells as well as focal cerebral hemorrhage while Group-F/NS showed almost normal histology. Gene expression of antioxidant defense mechanism: Sod1, Sod2, Ogg1 and MutY decreased significantly in the Group-F but reversed by the Nigella Sativa tablets co-administeration in Group-F/NS. Nigella sativa crushed tablets co-feeding with higher fructose diet showed significant decrease in serum level of glucose fasting, insulin, total cholesterol(TC), LDL-c, HOMA-R, TNF-α, AST, ALT and bilirubin and a significant increase in serum adiponectin in fatty liver disease in aged rats. TheNigella Sativa tablets role in attenuation of hepatic oxidative DNA damage in Group-F/NS may be mediated by up regulation of the antioxidant defense mechanism and oxidative DNA repair activity. The clinical benefits of the Nigella Sativa treatment in the shape of diminution of oxidative damage may explain its role in patients with fatty liver disease. In this part of our study the ad-on effects of tablets Nigella Sativa on different clinical and biochemical parameters in human were determined. Metabolic syndrome and its associated complications have been reported to be extensively increased worldwide. The seeds and oil of the plant Nigella Sativa have been widely used globally to cure various disease and promote health since ancient times especially in the Southeast Asia and in the mejority of theMiddle East countries. A lot of work has been done already on this plant. Thisprospective clinical study was designed to evaluate the ad-on effect of tablets Nigella Sativa on different parameters in fatty liver disease. This clinical study was conducted in medicine departement of a tertiary health care facility theCombined Military Hospital (CMH) Peshawar cantonment from June 2013 to May 2014. After considering inclusion and exclusion criteria and final diagnoses, 60 patients in this prospective study were enrolled. Upon approval from hospital ethical committee all the patients were properly consented in writing and were informed about study scope, Patients were equally distributed in two groups containing 30 each. In Group-1 (Control group) Patients were given Tab Metformine 500mg PO BD and Tab Rosuvastatine 10mg PO at night for a period of six weeks while in Group-II (Nigella Sativa treated group) in additions to standard treatment tablets Nigella sativa 600mg PO BD for a duration of six weeks were given. Theparameters including waist circumference, body weight, body mass index, lipid profile, Blood sugar fasting and post parandial, Liver functions test (LFT’s) and Ultrasound right upper quadrant were recorded before and upon treatment completion.The above mentioned methodology was followed and the study findings were : Fasting bloodsugar, low density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c)and total cholesterol (TC)percentage improvements in Group-II were statistically significant (p-value<0.05). In both the groups serum Alanintransaminase (ALT) declined significantly, in the Nigella sativa tablets treated Group-II the reduction was almost 2 fold (48% vs. 26.4%). On ultrsonography a statistically significant reversal of fatty liver was found only in the Nigella sativa tablets treated Group-II (p-value<0.05). As an ad-on therapy tablets Nigella sativa was found effective in fatty liver disease. Nigella sativa tablets has shown significant results especially in diabetic and dyslipidemic patients.
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
51:01 a. And the scatterers, scattering everywhere,
51:02 a. and the bearers with their burden,
51:03 a. and the runners with their gentle ease,
51:04 a. and the distributors by command!
51:05 a. Surely what you are promised is true indeed!
51:06 a. Surely the Time of Final Judgment is sure to come.
51:07 a. And the celestial realm with all its countless tracks!
51:08 a. Surely you are of differing opinions.
51:09 a. Whoever is deluded about it is really deluded.
51:10 a. So doomed be those who just speculate,
51:11 a. those who are oblivious of the realm of the Hereafter.
51:12 a. They mockingly ask: b. ‘When will be the Time of Final Judgment?’
51:13 a. Tell them: b. It will definitely come and be ‘The Time when they are going to be tried by the Fire.’
51:14 a. And they will be told: b. ‘Taste your trial/punishment! c. This is what you had been seeking to hurry.’
51:15 a. Surely the virtuous will be in the Paradise and flowing springs;
51:16 a. receiving what their Rabb - The Lord will have given them of the reward, b. for they were definitely seekers of excellence in piety even before the coming of this Time.
51:17 a. For they will sleep only a little of the night...
Bābā Farīd al-Dīn Ganj-i-Shakar, considered as the first Punjābī Sūfī poet, not only exercised his skill but also conveyed Qur’ānic and Prophetic (PBUH) message through his Punjābī poetry. His poetry is a rich source of Islamic teachings in lingua franca of the Punjab. The research intends to explore that whether the inclusion of his poetry in the Sikh scripture is recognition of Muslim mysticism or the poetry itself. The study attempts to examine the relation of the hymns of Bābā Ṣāhib with the teachings of Holy Qur’ān. Bābā Farīd, because of his high stature as an originator of Punjābī poetry, got a place in Granth Ṣāhib. The goal of this research is to highlight the pivotal position of Bābā Ṣāhib in connecting the two major religions of the world. The paper not only substantiates the historic position of Bābā Ṣāhib but also gives an insight to the services rendered by his poetry in promoting the interfaith harmony in the Sub-continent. This article focuses on Bābā Farīd as a literary and moral Canon, which led his work to be included in Sikh scripture. Moreover, it hints at the nuances of religious tolerance, mutual respect and love for knowledge, which lacks otherwise in a multi-religious society. In this article some of Bābā Ṣāhib’s verses in Granth Ṣāhib will be traced and analysed, taking into account their Qur’ānic interpretations. The comparative and somewhat historical approaches have been adopted to lay out a vivid analysis of his hymns in relation with the verses of the Holy Qur’ān and hence a message is extracted. Thus, he, evidently becoming part of one of the greatest anthologies of Punjābī poetry, attracted a huge outreach. The research question of this article is, whether the Holy Qur’ān is a basic source of Bābā Ṣāhib’s poetry or otherwise. It is strongly recommended that in order to attain actual harmony in our society, Bābā Ṣāhib’s work should be published in Shah-Mukhi script for the contemporary readership.
For many years a great deal of emphasis has been given to school-based teacher development programs. Some of these ideas have been implemented in developing countries like Pakistan by involving teachers in different teacher training programs. However, the mentoring process for teacher development where an experienced teacher, teacher educator or a mentor works closely with teachers on a one-to-one basis over a period, is still an emerging idea in developing countries like Pakistan This study was conducted to explore how a teacher educator, working closely with a mathematics teacher for eight weeks can enable her to teach for conceptual understanding. In order to achieve this purpose an action research approach was adopted. The study indicates that the mentoring process does help the teacher to enhance the content and pedagogy. This would be possible if a teacher educator and the teacher have jointly identified the areas to work upon during the mentoring process. This process would involve clarifying the teacher's own mathematical concepts, raising awareness pertaining to significance of conceptual understanding and introducing ways and activities of representing mathematical concepts to the learners. The classroom provides an appropriate learning situation and mentoring is a suitable process to support the teacher to develop personally and professionally in this context. The study presents a model of mentoring based on an understanding of the process that the teacher and the teacher educator/ researcher had undergone during the study. The study emphasizes that the teacher educator and the teacher both support and challenge each other and that could lead them to enhance their own teaching and learning process. However, this working relationship cannot exist in isolation. The mentoring process does need support from the school environment. For instance, co-operation from the Head, Head of the Departments, colleagues, students, parents and available resources.