The aim of this thesis is to study the projective and curvature symmetries in non-static spacetimes. A study of non-static spherically symmetric, non-static plane symmetric, non-static cylindrically symmetric and special non-static axially symmetric spacetimes according to their proper curvature collineations (CCS) is given by using the rank of the 6 × 6 Riemann matrix and direct integration techniques. We consider the non-static spherically symmetric spacetimes to investigate proper CCS. It has been shown that when the above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they turn out to be static spherically symmetric and form an infinite dimensional vector space. In the non- static cases CCS are just Killing vector fields. In case of non-static plane symmetric spacetimes, it has been shown that when above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they form an infinite dimensional vector space. We consider the non-static cylindrically symmetric and special non-static axially symmetric spacetimes to study the proper CCS. It has been investigated that when above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they also form an infinite dimensional vector space. We consider the special non-static plane symmetric spacetimes to investigate proper projective collineations. Following an approach developed by G. Shabbir in [39], which basically consists of some algebraic and direct integration techniques to study proper projective collineations in the above spacetimes. It has been shown that when the above spacetimes admit proper projective collineations, they become a very special class of the spacelike or timelike versions of FRW K=0 model.
حضرت مولانا حسین احمد مدنی شیخ الہند حضرت مولانا حسین احمد صاحب مدنی کی وفات ملک و ملت کا اتنا بڑا حادثہ ہے کہ اس پر اظہار غم سے قلم قاصر ہے، یہ تنہا ایک شخص کی موت نہیں بلکہ صحیح معنوں میں موت العالم، موت العالم ہے۔ وما کان قیس ھلکہ ھلک واحد لکنہ بنیان قومہ تھدما علم و عمل، دین و تقویٰ، سلوک و تصوف، ارشاد و ہدایت، جہاد و جانبازی، خلق عظیم و لطف عمیم، کس کس چیز کا ماتم کیا جائے وہ اس دور میں سلف صالحین کا نمونہ اور اسلام کی مجسم تصویر تھے، ان کی ایک ایک ادا سے اسوۂ صحابہ آشکار تھا، دین کے متفرق جلوے اس دور کے اور بھی صلحاء و اخیاء میں ہوں گے، مگر ان کی ذات آنچہ خوباں ہمہ دارند توتنہا داری کی مصداق تھی اور ان پر اس جامعیت کا خاتمہ ہوگیا، وہ سراپا عمل، سراپا جہاد اور ہمارے پرانے کاروان ملت کے آخری مسافر تھے، ان پر اس سلسلۃ الذہب کی خصوصیات ختم ہوگئیں، جس کا آغاز خاندان دلی اﷲٰی سے ہوا تھا، اس نازک دور میں ایسی ہستیوں کا اٹھ جانا ملک و ملت کی بڑی بدنصیبی اور اسلام کی غربت و بے کسی کی نشانی ہے، ایسے نفوس قدسیہ مدتوں میں پیدا ہوتے ہیں، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس مجاہد جلیل کو عالم آخرت کی سربلندی سے سرفراز فرمائے اورشہداء و صدیقین کا رفیق بنائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جنوری ۱۹۵۸ء)
Colonialism has impacted on Islamic Law as well as Islamic civilization. Islam has a dissonant relationship with modernity in that it agrees with central aspects of this epochal phenomenon and parts ways with others. The compatibility issues were raised by the Muslim thinkers. Many Muslim scholars have contributed to give an original understanding of message of Islam detached from sectarian influences. Traditions are considered to be the vehicle for the transference of factors to modernity with a strong role in determining power and culture of a civilization. Thus, they pave the way for the power tools of a civilization. The theories of Muslim scholars from Asia and Egypt are discussed to elaborate the Muslim understanding of facing the challenges of modernity. The contemporary scholars’ views are also added with an analysis of their observation on compatibility of Islam with modern era challenges and the criticism on it due to their modernity conception.
wind speed studies have been carried out to find the feasibility and utilizationof wind energy as a source of energy in Pakistan. Hourly wind data for more than 50 locations in Pakistan for a period of 5-10 years have been analyzed for estimation of wind speed for estimation of speed, wind power and energy.