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Propagation of Pecan Carya Illinoensis Using in Vitro Techniques

Thesis Info

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Author

Haroon, Adeela

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Botany

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1309

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727037549

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During the present work, an in vitro approach was followed for the propagation of Pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenheim) C. Koch]. Effect of different media (DKW, MS or WPM) supplemented with various levels of BAP were tested for in vitro germination response. It was observed that the best medium for in vitro germination was an MS formulation supplemented with 4.0 μM BAP. During the experiments, different morphological features of in vitro-grown seedlings of Pecan were also observed. Formation of multiple shoots was also observed from intact nodal regions of developing seedlings. Multiple shoots developed from in vitro germinated seeds were shifted to various rooting media. After acquiring a sufficient length (3 - 4 cm), the developed multiple shoots were transferred to the rooting media, i.e., DKW or MS supplemented with different combinations of growth regulator (IAA, IBA or NAA). MS medium supplemented with 4.0 μM IBA + 4.0 μM NAA proved to be best medium for root induction. On the other hand, in vitro-germinated seedlings after acquiring a sufficient length (4 - 5 cm), were transferred successfully to perlite or vermiculite to enhance rooting. More than 85 % of in vitro-grown Pecan plants were acclimatized successfully to the soil under glasshouse conditions and kept for more than 30 days. These plants were then transferred to field conditions at Botanical Garden, Punjab University, Lahore. For the clonal propagation of Pecan, forcing shoot tips and/ or epicormic buds from the large stem segments taken from more juvenile portions of older trees. Softwood shoots were forced form shoot tips of Pecan during the dormant season. Forcing solution (8-HQC) containing sucrose (2 %), TDZ (2.0 μM) in combination with IBA (2.0 μM) and BAP (2.0 μM) was quite effective for the highest (89.45 %) sprouting of buds under glasshouse conditions. Softwood shoots were also forced through epicormic or latent buds form the large branch segments on different media under various environmental conditions. The present investigation demonstrated that glasshouse conditions favored the maximum (2.92) production of softwood shoots as compared to other lab or wire house (natural) conditions. Media also had a significant effect on softwood shoot production as sterilized sand produced the highest (2.92) mean number of softwood shoots during the winter season. Rooting experiments with these softwood shoots however were not successful as contamination was the major limitation. During the present investigation, a suitable explant for callus induction and its subsequent maintenance was established for Pecan (Carya illinoensis Wan.). Bark segments and immature cotyledons of Pecan were used as an explant source. Effect of different media (DKW, MS or WPM) supplemented with various levels of 2, 4-D, NAA and TDZ were tested for callogenesis from bark and cotyledonary explants. Mature bark explants cultured on DKW medium containing a combination of 2, 4-D and TDZ resulted in 93.70 % callus induction and proved to be the best medium for callus induction and its maintenance. DKW medium supplemented with 13.57 μM TDZ resulted in 93.33 % callus induction from immature fruit explants. Morphologically different calluses were also observed at various levels of 2, 4-D, NAA and TDZ. Tissue browning was a major problem associated with callus induction using bark and fruit explants. These brown callus cultures, however, formed root primordia during this study after an incubation period of 110 days or so. Calluses were also transferred for plant regeneration, however, there were no plantlet regeneration possible during the present investigation. In the present study, adventitious multiple shoots were initiated from immature cotyledonary explants of Pecan (Carya illinoensis). The embryo axes were excised carefully and small cotyledonary pieces from immature fruits were cultured on different media (DKW, WPM or MS) supplemented with various levels of benzyl aminopurine (BAP) or Thidiazuron (TDZ). The shoots were initiated after 8 days from the cultures on DKW or MS media supplemented with BAP (0.5, 1.0, 4.0, 8.0 or 15 μM). Media supplemented with TDZ had shown no response. Maximum shoot development and proliferation was observed after 16 days of culture on MS medium supplemented with 15 μM BAP. The developed shoots were then transferred to basal MS medium for further development and shoot proliferation for 20 days. The proliferated shoots (2.0 - 4.5 cm long) were transferred (without any pre-treatment) to fresh MS basal medium for root initiation. Although rooting could not be achieved during this research work, some progress has been made in this regard. However, adventitious regeneration indicates a strong possibility to regenerate whole plants from various tissues of Pecan.
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مولانا سعید انصاری

مولانا سعید انصاری
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینے ہمارے قدیم اور سابق رفیق مولانا سعید انصاری نے لاہور میں انتقال کیا، وہ دارالمصنفین کے دور اول کے رفقاء میں تھے، ان میں تالیف و تصنیف کا بہت اچھا سلیقہ تھا، اور وہ اردو زبان و ادب کا بڑا ستھرا مذاق رکھتے تھے، لیکن مزاج میں استقلال اور اعتدال و توازن نہ تھا، اس لئے کسی ایک مقام پر جم کر نہ رہ سکے، پہلی مرتبہ دارالمصنفین میں ان کا قیام سات آٹھ سال تک رہا، اس مدت میں انھوں نے سیر انصار اور سیر الصحابیات لکھی، اور امام ابو مسلم اصفہانی معتزلی کی تفسیر ’’جامع التاویل لمحکم التنزیل‘‘ جو اب دنیا سے ناپید ہوچکی ہے، اس کے اقتباسات امام رازی کی تفسیر کبیر سے جمع کرکے اس کو کتابی شکل میں مرتب کیا، جو اسی زمانہ میں دارالمصنفین سے شائع ہو گئی تھی، پھر دارالمصنفین چھوڑ کر صوفی پنڈی بہاء الدین کے یہاں چلے گئے اور اس کے لئے سیر الصحابہ کے نام سے شیخینؓ کے حالات ایک جلد میں لکھے، اس کے بعد مختلف اسکولوں میں ٹیچر رہے، مگر ان میں مستقل قیام نہ رہ سکا اس لئے حضرت سید صاحبؒ نے ان کو پھر دارالمصنفین بلالیا، اس مرتبہ ان کا قیام تین چار سال رہا، مگر متفرق مضامین کے علاوہ اس دور کی اور کوئی یادگار نہیں ہے، یہاں سے دوبارہ الگ ہونے کے بعد مختلف رسالوں کے اڈیٹر رہے، پھر سید صاحب نے ان کو ہندوستانی اکیڈمی الہ آباد کے سہ ماہی اردو رسالہ کا اڈیٹر مقرر کروایا، چند برسوں کے بعد اس سے بھی الگ ہوگئے، اور پاکستان قائم ہونے کے بعد لاہور چلے گئے، حضرت سید صاحبؒ نے ان کو لاہور یونیورسٹی کے شعبۂ اردو انسائیکلوپیڈیا میں رکھا دیا، اسی خدمت پرتھے کہ دفعتہ ان کے انتقال کی خبر ملی، شاعر...

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Allah Himself has taken the responsibility to protect the Holy Quran and the Hadith of the Holy Prophet. He Himself has provided the sources of their protection. One of the means of the protection that was the creation of such a group of the Qura who not only served the Holy Quran but also provided worth mentioning services in Ahadith of the Holy Prophet. But their services are hidden from us. By Qura the researcher means those Qura whose recitation styles and narrations are studied and taught in the different quarters of the world who are known as Qura Saba & Ashra (سبعہ وعشرہ). They are ten imams each with two Ravi’s. They are thirty Qura in total. I have selected only last three Imam & their two narrators in this Article. These Qurra are known as Qurra Thlathah (قراء ثلاثہ).  The services of these imams have been highlighted in the light of the following eleven Ahadith books. Sihah:   Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sahih Ibn-e-Habban, Sahih Ibn-e-Khuzeema. Sunan: Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Nasai, Sunan Ibn Majah, and Sunan al-Kubra. Masaneed: Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Musnad Abu Ya`la al-Mawsili. How many people have reported them and what is the standard of the weakness and soundness of those narrators have also been discussed in this article. Besides these books of Ahadith, these Ahadith have been searched in other books of Ahadith also. The status of these Qura has been explained in the light of the commentary of Muhadithin. Whether Ahadith critics have declared them thiqa or weak or have declared them as average sadooq. The most important thing is that there is no one weak reporter in these imam qura. Two out of three imam qura are ranked as thiqa and one sadooq. And among the narrators of these qura one is thiqa, one sadooq, and nobody are weak reporters. There is silence about the remaining four reporters of these qura. The reason is that there is no hadith reported from them. Because of all this their religious and scholarly authenticity could be determined. The narrations of these thalathah (ثلاثہ) Qura are confined to reporting the Holy Quran but they have also reported about every part of fiqh and they have been utilized and refered to  

Statistical Analysis of the Lifetime Mixture Models under Bayesian Approach

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