مرزا احسان احمد
افسوس ہے کہ ہمارے شہر کے مشہور وکیل اور نامور شاعر مرزا احسان احمد صاحب کا گزشتہ مہینہ انتقال ہوگیا، ان کی صحت عرصہ سے خراب تھی، ادھر کچھ دنوں سے صاحب فراش ہوگئے تھے، ۲۳؍ دسمبر کو وفات پائی، وفات کے وقت ۷۷ سال کی عمر تھی، مرحوم شاعری کے ساتھ اردو کے ادیب و نقاد بھی تھے، ان کا ادبی ذوق بڑا بلند اور پاکیزہ تھا، ان کے کلام اور ادبی مضامین کا مجموعہ شائع ہوچکا ہے، ایک زمانہ میں ان کے اور اقبال احمد خاں صاحب سہیل مرحوم کے دم سے اعظم گڑھ میں شعر و شاعری کا بڑا چرچا تھا، مگر مرحوم جب چشمہ کے ایجنٹ اور بعد میں شاعر کی حیثیت سے اعظم گڑھ آتے تھے تو مرزا صاحب ہی کے یہاں ٹھہرتے تھے، اور شعر و شاعری کی محفل گرم ہوتی تھی، اس میں مولانا عبدالسلام مرحوم پابندی سے اور کبھی کبھی سید صاحبؒ بھی شریک ہوتے تھے، جگر صاحب کے کلام کا پہلا مجموعہ داغ جگر اعظم گڑھ ہی سے شائع ہوا، اس پر مرزا احسان احمد صاحب کا مبسوط مقدمہ ہے اسی سے جگر صاحب کی شہرت کا آغاز ہوا، مرزا صاحب کے گھر میں دارالمصنفین کے تعلقات بڑے گہرے تھے، ان کے بڑے بھائی مرزا سلطان احمد صاحب مرحوم دارالمصنفین کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے ہمیشہ رکن رہے، ان کے بعد مرزا صاحب منتخب ہوئے، اور اپنی وفات تک رہے، ان کی زندگی بڑی سادہ اور درویشانہ تھی، استطاعت کے باوجود تکلفات سے ہمیشہ بری رہے، طبیعت میں بڑا استغنا تھا ان کا پیشہ ضرور وکالت تھا مگر اس کی طرف ان کا طبعی رجحان نہ تھا، بس بقدر ضرورت ہی وکالت کرتے تھے، اور ادھر دس بارہ سال سے بالکل چھوڑ دی تھی، طبیعت بڑی مرنجان مرنج تھی، کسی کے معاملات اور مقامی سیاست سے...
Osteopenia is regarded as the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) which is lower than that of the average value but not as low as Osteoporosis. In Pakistan, Osteoporosis and Osteopenia among women have become one of the most common problems of recent times. Objectives: To find the frequency of osteopenia among females in Faisalabad and its association with SES (Socio Economic Status). Methodology: It was an analytical and cross-sectional study which was conducted at Niaz Medicare Clinic in Faisalabad. The study was completed in 9 months from 18 October 2019 to 18 July 2020. Non probability purposive sampling was done and 323 females were taken for the study. Results: The results demonstrated that 56.3% of the population had Osteopenia. Socio Economic Status had as statistically significant association with Osteopenia (p= 0.041). The results also revealed that the females belonging to middle class and lower class had a higher prevalence of Osteopenia than the females of upper Socio Economic Status. Conclusion: the frequency of Osteopenia was fairly high among females specifically the age group 18-29 years. There was an association found between Osteopenia and Socio Economic status (p =0.041).
Today, the internet and the World Wide Web are the most amazing and dynamically growing computer technologies. With the growth of World Wide Web (WWW) the number of Web Based Hypermedia Applications (WBHAs) has also increased at a tremendous rate. A quality application can be produced only through a quality design. For a quality design it is necessary that all its aspects should be measured at the design phase. . The existing metrics only cater the aspects of software applications after implementation phase. Many methodologies have been proposed for the web applications design and development. These methodologies do not cover the issues related to security. OODM was also proposed with the objectives of web application development but the security issues were also not covered in this methodology. Furthermore there are no measurements for the design schema and its different models in OODM. Other methodologies are also without this feature. A methodology for the design of a web application has been proposed in this dissertation. Secure Object oriented design methodology (S-OODM) is an extension of the OODM in which security issue has been incorporated in the analysis and design. Metrics for overall design schema and all its models have been proposed and validated through a case study of university web site. The case study shows that application with security constraints can be developed by using this methodology and validation of one design or comparison of different design can be carried out through these metrics. The designer can design a quality ixdesign through these metrics and can improve its quality without going on the next phase. Using these metrics the complexity of the design can be reduced. The performance of the design can be measured and hence can be increased. The valuable resources like cost, time and space can be measured and thus can be saved by using the proposed metrics. Navigational time is another feature of the web applications that can be measured and thus the easiest navigational path can be computed by using these metrics. User interaction is important in the web applications and this is also achieved by using the proposed metrics. The metrics provides valuable information about the vital components from the security point of view which help the designer to give a care full attention to the vital components. The methodology, OODM/S-OODM, is believed one of first web application development methodologies. It provides a complete, detailed and step-wise development process. Therefore, it needs to be automated. Work in this direction can be done. There can be another future direction of this work can be to upgrade this methodology (S-OODM) for the development of semantic web applications. It can further be extended for the sub domains as at present it deals with the domains only.