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Quantum State Measurement Using Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Azim, Tasnim

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-I-Azam University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2002

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Natural Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6229/1/3800H.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676727058359

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ڈاکٹر ابرار حسین [والد ماجد سعید احمد اکبرآبادی]

ڈاکٹر ابرار حسین
قارئین برہان کویہ خبر نہایت افسوس کے ساتھ سنائی جارہی ہے کہ پچھلے مہینے جولائی کی بارہ تاریخ کودوپہر کے قریب برہان کے مدیراعلیٰ برادر عزیز مولانا سعید احمد کے والد ماجد جناب ڈاکٹر ابرار حسین صاحب قبلہ مراد آباد میں رحلت فرماگئے۔انا ﷲ وانالیہ راجعون۔
مرحوم نہ صرف یہ کہ ایک کامیاب اورنامور ڈاکٹر تھے بلکہ بہت سے غیر معمولی اوصاف کی وجہ سے اکابر کی یادگار سمجھے جاتے تھے۔ مولانا سعید احمد کے تعلق سے وہ مجھے بھی اپنی اولاد کی طرح جانتے تھے اوراس تقریب سے مجھے بہت قریب سے ان کی زندگی کوپڑھنے کوموقع ملا، اوّل درجے کے متبع شریعت، راسخ العقیدہ ، فرائض وواجبات ہی کے نہیں مستحبات وآداب تک کے پابند،بڑے فرض شناس اورعاشق رسول۔انقلاب ۴۷ء اوردہلی چھوڑ دینے کے بعد بھی تین چار دفعہ یہاں تشریف لائے،پیرانہ سالی اورانتہائی نقاہت کے باوجود اسی پہلی سی آن بان کے ساتھ پابند اوقات،ان کی خدمت میں بیٹھ کر ایسا محسوس ہوتاتھا کہ اباجی ؒکے پاس بیٹھا ہوا ہوں اُسی انداز کی محبت، اُسی طرح کی بزرگانہ شفقتیں، ان کودیکھ کر قلب میں عجیب طرح کاسکون محسوس ہوتاتھا،ہرضروری بات میں مجھ سے مشورہ لیتے اور اس کوغیر معمولی اہمیت دیتے تھے۔مرحوم کی زندہ جاوید یادگار خود ان کے اکلوتے صاحبزادے مولانا سعید احمد ہیں۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے فیوض کو تا دیر قائم رکھے اور ایسی لائق وفائق اولاد ہرمسلمان کونصیب ہو۔
میں نے جناب ڈاکٹر صاحب قبلہ مرحوم کے ضروری حالاتِ زندگی معلوم کرنے کے لیے برادر عزیز کوخط لکھا،جواب میں ان کی جوتحریر آئی ہے اس کے اقتباسات یہاں درج کیے جاتے ہیں۔رحمہ اﷲ رحمۃ واسعۃ۔
’’ابا کی پیدائش بچھرایوں میں ہوئی، والد کا نام حکیم غلام نیاز تھا جو مرادآباد ضلع کے مشہور طبیب تھے۔ مڈل پاس کرکے نواب حسن پور کے ہاں اتالیق ہوگئے۔ مگر کچھ دنوں...

Why Do We Believe in God? An Analysis of the Motives of the Believing Behaviour in Human Beings

This article explores the motives of the human believing behaviour. The author postulates that to believe in God is natural and not to believe is a deviation from the true and pure human nature. This fact has, also, been admitted by many philosophers, psychologists and geneticists. A brief debate with reference to philosophy, anthropology, psychology and genetics has been presented to have a review the opinions of some eminent philosophers, psychologists and anthropologists about the believing behavior of the human nature. The traces of the religiosity of the primitive tribes without exception are a further evidence for the said fact. Some evidences have been presented from history and also from the examples of some living primitive tribes of Australia and Africa to accentuate the stance that to believe in God is a natural, innate, instinctual motive in the human nature. Author also quotes certain verses from the Qur’an to confirm the conformity of the historical, philosophical, psychological and genetical facts and findings with the Qur’anic stance about the believing behaviour of the human nature. The motives behind human behaviour in believing God are counted by the author as: rationality, anxiousness for God and the Life hereafter, Love of God, Affiliation with the native culture, Influence and Inspiration, Religion: A Remedy or Solution and Preaching in Terms of addresses.

On Mathematical Models Subject to Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reactions

Nanoliquids strengthen low thermal conductivity of materials. Nanoliquid consists of nano-material (1 − 100 nm) and base-liquid. Nanoliquids are regarded functional in engineering, electronic process and many other fields. Nanoparticles include CNTs (MWCNT, SWCNT), oxides and carbides ceramics and semiconductors. These nanoparticles are submerged in an ordinary fluid to make them nanofluids. Non-Newtonian fluids like Oldroyd-B, Powell Eyring, Williamson are regarded helpful in physiological phenomena, pharmaceutical process, paper production and metallurgy. That is why Oldroyd-B, Powell Eyring and Williamson fluids are adopted in this thesis for modeling and analysis of flows in boundary layer region. The boundary-layer flows due to stretching surface have wide range of applications in industries and engineering. Further it is also taken into account that heterogeneous-homogeneous reactions in liquid flow have vital role following combustion, biochemical processes, catalysis and in many other fields. Keeping all these aspects in mind the prime objective of this thesis is to study nonlinear mathematical models subject to homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. The structure of this thesis is as follows. Chapter 1 contains literature survey and some basic conservation laws. Mathematical model and boundary-layer expressions for Oldroyd-B, second grade, Powell Eyring and Williamson fluids are incorporated. Five different techniques are used to deal with the flow problems. Thus basic concepts homotopy analysis method (HAM), Bvp4c matlab solver, Optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM), shooting technique and Keller box method are provided. Chapter 2 addresses the impact of diffusion species in flow of CNTs nanofluid saturating porous medium. Melting heat transfer is present. Auto catalyst and reactant have same diffusion coefficients. Flow induced by stretched cylinder. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) is adopted for solutions procedure. The outcomes for CNTs flow are disclosed. This chapter contents is reported in Journal of Molecular Liquids 221 (2016) 1121 − 1127. Chapter 3 deals diffusion species via CNTs with convective conditions. Flow generated is because of stretching cylinder. OHAM is adopted for outcomes. Graphical outcomes are discussed via variables for flow. The outcomes are reported in Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 70 (2017) 119 − 126. Chapter 4 reports computational aspects for Forhheimer flow of CNTs nanofluids with diffusion species. In this chapter thermal conductivity of CNTs nanofluid is compared via renovated Hamilton-Crosser (H-C) and Xue models for flows by stretching cylinder and flat sheet. The results are obtained via Keller box method. The findings of this chapter are submitted in Physica E for possible publication. Chapter 5 examines stagnation flow of carbon water and carbon kerosene oil nanofluids via nonlinear stretched surface. CNTs nanofluids fill the porous medium. Homogeneousheterogeneous reactions and melting effects are considered. Outcomes are obtained via (OHAM). Heat transferred is addressed via different variables involved in solutions expressions. The contents of this chapter are published in Advanced Powder Technology 27 (2017) 1677 − 1688. Chapter 6 presents 3D nanoliquid flow by stretched (nonlinear) sheet with diffusion species. Nanoliquid is saturated via porous space. Convective condition and heat source/sink are used for heat mechanism. The numerical outcomes are analyzed via shooting approach. Graphical illustrations and tabulated values are disclosed. The main findings of this chapter can be seen through Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 329 (2018) 40 – 54. Chapter 7 describes three-dimensional (3D) nanoliquid flow via slendering stretching (nonlinear) sheet with slip effects. bvp4c technique is used for numerical outcomes. Tabulated and graphical findings are explored via sundry variables. These contents are published in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 319 (2017) 366 − 378. Chapter 8 discloses flow of MHD non-Newtonian liquid via Newtonian heating and diffusion species. Results are developed via HAM. Numerical results of skin friction and Nusselt number are disclosed. The findings of current chapter are published in PloS one 11 (6) e0156955 (2016). Chapter 9 describes flow of MHD viscoelastic fluid with species. Flow is due to stretched cylinder. Viscous dissipation, Newtonian heating and Joule heating are also accounted. The results are constructed via HAM. Characteristics of different variables are elaborated graphically. The outcomes of this chapter are published in Journal of Mechanics 33 (2017) 77 − 86. Chapter 10 includes species influence in flow of second grade material. Melting heat contribution is inspected. Inclined magnetic line is used to electrified the liquid. Numerical results are addressed via heat transfer and skin friction. The contents are addressed in Journal of Molecular Liquids 215 (2016) 749 − 755. Chapter 11 investigates homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions in thermally stratified stagnation flow of viscoelastic liquid with mixed convection. Flow is by a stretched sheet. Influences of various variables on quantities of interest are discussed. The findings of this chapter are published in Results in Physics 6 (2017) 1161 − 1167. Chapter 12 addresses convective flow of Williamson fluid by cylinder and flat sheet. Convective condition is used for heat transfer mechanism. The species of auto-catalyst and reactant are used to regulate the concentration. Convection or evaporation for temperature phase change is analyzed through homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. The transformed ordinary differential equations are dealt numerically via Keller box method.Impacts of pertinent parameters of interest are graphically discussed. Comparison of results for cylinder and flat sheet is arranged. The contents of this chapter are submitted for possible publication in International Journal of Mechanical Sciences.