Citizen’s Trust in Political Leadership and Parliament of Pakistan: A ComparativeStudy of Punjab and Sindh

Present study compares the level of public trust in political leadership and the parliament in two provinces of Pakistan: Punjab and Sindh. By applying ordinal logistic regression models, study finds that respondents from Punjab had significantly more trust in their leader and parliament of the country as compared to the participants from Sindh. The variable, government performance, was observed to be the major predictor of public trust in political leadership and parliament between Punjab and Sindh. Additionally, people’s interest in political affairs and conflict resolving behavior of leadership were two other variables which significantly predict public level of trust. The study suggests that respondents who were more interested in the political affairs revealed a high degree of trust in leadership and parliament. Conversely, participants who suffered from the lack of leadership interest in conflict resolving behavior showed low level of trust in both leadership and parliament in both provinces. It is concluded that public trust and distrust are significantly associated with the socio-economic development of the country. Present study may help to understand the factors that may cause public distrust in leadership and parliament of the country. ______

Impact of Compensation Systems Attributes on Teachers Performance With Associated Variables in Universities of Pakistan

This study evaluates how compensation system attributes (CSAs), affect the performance of teachers serving in universities in Pakistan through the lens of social exchange theory, which is an over-arching theory used for the current study. Teachers’ performance (TP), and its relationship with the four CSAs (e.g., pay increase policy, pay levels and mix) have been described in this research. The idea is to apply a methodological approach to determine the role of psychological capital (PsyCap) and psychological contract fulfilment (PCF) as mediators and the role of the social capital (SC) as a moderator. In this regard, a nationwide survey of 608 teachers from 52 higher education institutes in Pakistan was conducted using a simple random sampling technique. Survey responses were compiled and analysed using quantitative research methods, including correlation, regression and PROCESS, to check for mediation and moderation.This study reveals that the CSAs positively impact TP. The results also confirm that SC serves as a moderator between the CSAs and TP. The study also suggests that PsyCap and PCF positively mediate the link between CSAs and TP. The findings of this research are fairly aligned with the conclusions drawn under earlier research performed in other areas. PCF is observed to be a strong mediator. However, the partial mediation of PsyCap in relation to the CSAs and TP may be attributable to a lack of adequate focus on its development at the leadership level as well as individuals linking hope, confidence, and resilience to spiritual beliefs, thus making it relatively indifferent with respect to CSAs. Apart from bridging the literature gap in the context of establishing linkage of PCF, PsyCap and SC with TP, this study also provides practical guidelines and suggestions for the policy and decision makers in HEIs by mainly pointing towards existing compensation restructuring with a consequential improvement in TP.