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Home > Relationship of Antioxidants With Qualitative Changes in Local Cultivars of Loquat Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl. Fruit During Storage

Relationship of Antioxidants With Qualitative Changes in Local Cultivars of Loquat Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl. Fruit During Storage

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Attiq Akhtar

Program

PhD

Institute

Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

City

Rawalpindi

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/130

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727076414

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In order to study the effectiveness of Calcium chloride treatments on postharvest quality and storage behavior of “Surkh” cultivar of loquat, fruit was dipped in three concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) of Calcium chloride for two minutes and stored in soft board cartons at 4 ̊C in a cold store for 10 weeks period. The fruit was harvested at mature ripe stage, clipped, sorted and washed before applying the treatments. Changes in weight loss, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), browning index (BI), ascorbic acid, titratable acidity (TA) and relative electrical conductivity (REC) were studied. One percent CaCl2 did not affect quality parameters of the fruit compared to control treatment, whereas, 2% and 3% CaCl2 retained maximum firmness, TSS, ascorbic acid content reduced browning index (BI) , relative electrical conductivity (REC) and weight loss up to 4-5 weeks.
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ہمیں معلومات سے زیادہ حکمت چاہیے

ہمیں معلومات سے زیادہ حکمت چاہیے
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اساتذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع دیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’ہمیں معلومات سے زیادہ حکمت چاہیے‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
علم ایک خزانہ ہے، ہر ایک اس خزانے سے اپنی تجوریوں کو بھرنا چاہتا ہے، علم جستجو سے حاصل ہوتا ہے ،علم کے حصول کے لیے محنت شاقہ کی ضرورت ہے، علم کی تگ و دو میں زندگیاں صرف ہو جاتی ہیں۔ معلومات حاصل کرتے کرتے ایّام زیست گزر جاتے ہیں۔ معلومات جیسی بھی ہوں جہالت کے گھٹا ٹوپ اندھیروں کا خاتمہ کر دیتی ہیں۔
جنابِ صدر!
معلومات کا خزانہ اس وقت متمتع اور کار آمد ثابت ہوتا ہے، جب اس خزانے کے صحیح مصارف معلوم ہوں، ان معلومات کے لیے صحیح استعمال سے آشنائی حاصل ہو، معلومات کے مطابق زندگی کے ڈھنگ ہر صاحب علم کی دسترس میں ہوں۔ دنیا بھر کی معلومات ہیں لیکن وہ صرف اپنی ذات کی حد تک محدود ہیں تو وہ نہ ہونے کے برابر ہیں۔
جنابِ صدر!
جب کسی کام میں حکمت شامل ہو جاتی ہے تو اس کے حسن کو دوبالا کر دیتی ہے، اس کی خوبصورتی میں اضافہ ہو جاتا ہے، اس کی دھنک کے رنگ نمایاں ہو جاتے ہیں، اس کی اہمیت دوبالا ہو جاتی ہے، اس کی شان نرالی ہو جاتی ہے۔ دانائی اور حکمت سے معمور کام انفرادیت کا حامل ہوتا ہے، اس علم صفت کے حامل طفلان خودمعا ملہ نہیں ہوتے بلکہ زیرک و فطین لوگ ہوتے ہیں۔
صدرِذی وقار!
حکمت کے پھول کاغذی پھول نہیں ہوتے، گلشن حکمت و دانائی میں چلنے والی ہوا حیات بخش جھونکوں سے معمور ہوتی ہے، جس جگہ پر حکمت ہوتی ہے...

Delaying and Ignoring Trends in Marriages: A Critical Study in Hadith Context

Marriage is a preamble of human life. The human society builds its façade on the characteristics of this unit. Humanity has been granted with divine rules for a successful life. The latest version of divine rules are conveyed through Islam and presented by the Holy Prophet Muhammad of benefits everlasting and grand the declared Islam of history Early. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) these rules in all nooks and corners of life; as Qur’ān and Ḥadīth prominences the trend of in-time marriages to ensure the tangible merits of life. Qur’ān declares marriage as ‘God given relationship’, ‘order from God’, ‘A lawful manner’, ‘Firm covenant’, ‘Love and compassion’, ‘Chastity of life’, ‘Right of women and Sign of safety’ and along with it, as marriage emphasizes (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet the of traditions the depicting it a ‘Half of religion’, ‘Protection of eyes’, ‘Prevention of character from corruption’, ‘source of Devil’s desperation’ etc. Owing to this stress of in-time marriages, a Muslim society is not supposed to delay or ignore in time marriages. But in present era, the trend of delaying in making marriages or ignoring the importance of in-time marriages is observing everywhere. This delay in making in-time marriages of young generation shows the weaknesses of faith and confidence in life. It is also the cause of many physical diseases and mental disorders. It destroys the best capabilities and abilities of young force. This paper highlights the importance of timely marriages, strength of married-couple life and damages of late marriage so that the requisite of Islam to form the society on the desired shape may be fulfilled. Lastly, this article emphasizes the need to review/change the social behavior regarding late marriages it also emphasizes the need to review/change the social behavior regarding late marriages and a herald to initiate some sorts of laws for making in-time marriages in society so that prevailing damages due to late marriages can be curtailed.

Accessing Quality and Dispensing Practices of Retail/Wholesale Pharmacies & Drug Distributors in Pakistan

Objective: Safe and effective use of the medications is a challenge in the developing countries of the world. The objective of this study was to assess and evaluate the quality, storage/dispensing practices and regulatory compliance, of retail/wholesale drug stores and drug distributors operating in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of retail/wholesale drug stores and drug distributors, located in Karachi was conducted from May to December 2013. A total of 1003 retail/wholesale drug stores and nine distributors involved in the sale/purchase and dispensing of pharmaceutical products were enrolled in the study. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used and the information was collected using a close ended, structured questionnaire, designed to gather information related to demographics of store and drug seller, storage practices, licensing status and knowledge/practices of drug sellers. The data was collected by the team of data collectors and the results were analyzed using Stata 11.2. Results: The results of study indicated that out of 1003 retail and wholesale drug stores inspected only 4.1% (n=41) were found compliant to regulatory requirements. Very few of the stores were involved in the exclusive sales of drugs, most of them 74.9% (n=752) were selling general items and other commodities along with the drugs. Only 12% (n=124) of the stores were having medical professionals working on the store, out of which 33% (n=41) were pharmacists and the rest were dispensers. The drug stores were dominated by male dispensers, with a mean age of 34.1years (SD±9.7), average work experience of 12.4 years (SD±7.6) and 12.9 years (SD±2.2) of education. Twenty-four percent (n=244) of the drugs sellers were aware of the fact that vaccines and refrigerated drugs, needs to be stored at 2˚C-8˚C. Only 14.3% (n=144) of the drug sellers were aware about the correct classification and use of selected essential drugs, and 17.9% (n=179) of the drug sellers were able to respond correctly to the commonly used prescription terminologies. The dispensing practice revealed 62% (n=625) of the stores were found selling medications without prescription. Less than 10% of the drug sellers provide information related to indication of drugs, duration of therapy, and interaction with other drugs or food. Only 1.6% of the stores were providing any written information to the patient at the time of dispensing. The storage practices revealed only 40.2% (n=403) of stores were protected from direct sunlight and 5.4% (n=54) having air conditioning in the premises. Total of 11.4% (n=94) stores were selling vaccines without proper refrigerator and only 11.7% stores had the power backup for the refrigerator. Forty-seven percent (n=400) of the stores had drug sales license displayed in the premises out of which 33.4% (n=282) were having expired drug sales license. As compared to the retail/wholesale drug stores, the storage and distributor practices of the drug distributors operating in Karachi were in line with the regulatory requirements laid down by the authorities. Conclusion: The regulatory compliance of majority of the retail/wholesale drug stores operated privately in different areas of Karachi is below standard. Only a few drug stores have adequate facilities to protect the drugs from extreme temperature, sunlight and provision of refrigeration. Very few of the drug stores carry out drug sales under the supervision of qualified pharmacist. The drugs are mostly sold without prescription, and the knowledge and skills of the drug sellers are insufficient to promote the safe use of medications. There is a dire need to improve the storage practices in the drug stores by complying with the regulatory standards/laws, and support from pharmaceutical industry. The knowledge of drug sellers needs to be improved by continues trainings and the presence of qualified pharmacist needs to be ensured in the drug stores.