Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Removal of Anitbiotics from Wastewater by Nanocomposites and Membrane Hybrid Technology

Removal of Anitbiotics from Wastewater by Nanocomposites and Membrane Hybrid Technology

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Ullah, Azmat

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Malakand

City

Malakand

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10607/1/Azmat%20Ullah_Chem_2019_Malakand_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727078847

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Magnetic Carbon Nanocomposites (MCN) was prepared from pineapple and mango biomass precursors and then characterized by mean of SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TG/DTA, EDX, surface area analyzer and pH (PZC). XRD patterns show the presence of Fe3O4 deposited on the surface of carbon materials with cubic crystalline structure at different 2θ values which corresponds to indices planes. SEM images show the mean diameter of both MCN are around 50-70 nm with equal distribution of white areas in the images of both MCN show the crystallization of nano-particles of Fe3O4, while black spots represent the carbon contents. The BET surface area of pineapple and mango MCN are 43 and 51 m2g-1 respectively and BJH pore size distribution are 17.50 and 21.65 m2g-1 respectively, whereas, the total pore volume and pore diameter of both MCN are 0.015 and 0.019 cm3g-1 and 15.05 and 15.03 Ao respectively. The low surface area is due to impregnation of magnetic particles (Fe3O4), which resulted into pore blockage. The FTIR spectra of MCN shows peaks at 3470 and 3200 cm-1 which may be due to the presence of surface groups such as phenol, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid derivatives along with physically adsorbed water and surface moisture. The two narrow peaks in the region of 3000-2800 cm-1 correspond to C-H alkanes, peaks at 1450-1600 cm-1 corresponds to C=C aromatic, peaks at 1300-1000 cm-1 corresponds to -OH alcoholic and ether, while the peak at 575-580 cm-1 corresponds to Fe-O of magnetite and maghemite. The pHpzc of pineapple and mango MCN were found to be 7.2 and 7.3 respectively. The removal of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV) and enrofloxacin (ENR) from the water system was carried out by adsorption (adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies) and MCN-membrane hybrid technology. The adsorption data shows that the equilibrium was established within 220 min. The adsorption kinetics data were applied to both 1st, 2nd order pseudo kinetics and intraparticle diffusion models. Pseudo 2nd order kinetics and intraparticle diffusion models were found best fits to the adsorption kinetics data. Thermodynamic parameters like rate constant (K), ∆?°, ∆?° and ∆?° were determined using the Van’t Hoff equation. It was found that the rate constant increases with rise in temperature. The rate constant (K) trend for the adsorption of antibiotics was found as: LEV>ENR>CIP. Entropy of activation (ΔSo) was found to be positive which shows an increase in randomness at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption. Enthalpy of activation (∆?°) decreases in the following order LEV>ENR>>CIP for PAMCN, and ENR>LEV>CIP for MAMCN. ΔSo decreased in the sequence of, CIP>LEV=ENR for pineapple nanocomposites and ENR>LEV>CIP for mango nanocomposites respectively. The negative values of ΔG˚ at various temperatures specify the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process and have a high affinity of antibiotics molecules for both nanocomposites. The intraparticle diffusion model shows that the adsorption of antibiotics is a diffusion controlled process. For adsorption isotherm studies the mathematical models like Freundlich, Langmuir, Jovanovich and Tempkin isotherms were used for the determination of adsorption parameters. The isotherm data fitted well to Langmuir model for the adsorption data. The effects of pH, temperature, time, concentration, adsorbent dosage, humic acid and ionic strength on adsorption process were evaluated. The adsorbent after use was regenerated using NaOH, methanol and distilled water. The equilibrium time for both adsorbents at pH 7 was reached in 60-80 min. Improved permeate fluxes and percent retentions of antibiotics by membranes were observed for adsorption/membrane hybrid process MCN/UF (magnetic carbon nanocomposite/Ultrafiltration), MCN/NF (magnetic carbon nanocomposite/ Nanofiltration) and MCN/RO (magnetic carbon nanocomposite/Reverse osmosis filtration). The percent retention of antibiotics molecules in NF was 96% which increased to 100% when membrane was used in hybrid manner with MCN. Which is a great achievement in the present study.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

حد کا اصطلاحی مفہوم

حد کا اصطلاحی مفہوم
ایسے امور جن کی حلت و حرمت اللہ تعالیٰ نے خود بیان فرما ئی ہے اور ان سے تجاوز کرنے سے منع فرما دیا ہے۔ یہ امور " حدود اللہ " کہلاتے ہیں۔ اہل علم نے حد کی اصطلاحی تعریفیں مندرجہ ذیل بیان کی ہیں:
ایسے کام جن کی حلت و حرمت اللہ تعالیٰ نے بیان فرمائی ہو، جیسا کہ ابن منظور افریقی تحریر کرتے ہیں
"وحُدُود الله تعالى الأَشياء التي بيَّن تحريمها وتحليلها وأَمر أَن لا يُتعدى شيء منها۔"8
"حدود اللہ سے مراد ایسی اشیاء ہیں کہ جن کی حلت و حرمت اللہ تعالیٰ نے بیان فرما دی ہے اور یہ حکم دیا ہے کہ ان سے آگے نہ بڑھا جائے۔ "
علامہ زبیدی ؒ (م:1205ھ)حدود کی اقسام اور اس کا مفہوم بیان کرتے ہیں
"فَحُدُودُ ا الله عزّ وجلّ ضَرْبَانِ : ضَرْبٌ منها حُدودٌ!حدَّها للنّاسِ في مَطَاعِمِهم ومَشارِبِهم ومَنَاكِحِهِم وغيرها ممّا أَحَلّ وحَرَّم،وأَمَرَ بالانتِهَاءِ عمّا نَهَى عنه منها ونَهَى عن تَعَدِّيهَا ، والضَّرْب الثانِي عُقوباتٌ جُعِلَتْ لمنْ ركِبَ ما نَهَى عنْه ، كحَدّ السّارِق۔"9
"حدود اللہ کی دو اقسام ہیں: ایک تو ایسی حدود جو لوگوں کے لیے ان کے ماکولات ، مشروبات اور مناکحات وغیرہ میں بسبب حلال اور حرام متعین کی گئی ہیں یہ ان اشیاء سے رکنے کا سبب ہیں جن سے تجاوز کرنے سے روکا گیا ہےاور دوسری قسم وہ سزائیں ہیں جو ممنوع کام کرنے والوں کو دی جاتی ہیں جیسا کہ چور کی حد ۔ "
امام سرخسی ؒ (م:483ھ)حد کی اصطلاحی تعریف کرتے ہوئے لکھتے ہیں
"في الشرع الحد اسم لعقوبة مقدرة تجب حقا لله تعالى ولهذا لا يسمى به التعزير لأنه غير مقدر ولا يسمي به القصاص لأنه حق العباد وهذا لأن وجوب حق العباد۔"10
"شریعت میں حد اس مقررہ سزا کا نام ہے جو بطور حق اللہ...

APIP dalam Pelaksanaan Maturitas SPIP Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus in Implementing the Maturity of the Government Internal Control System

One of the problems that still occur in Indonesia today is the weakness of the Government Internal Control System (SPIP). This is indicated by the many findings of BPK's examination of weaknesses in the government's internal control system. In this case, there is a role for government internal auditors that are highly expected to create an effective and sustainable control system. This study aims to determine the effect of the role of APIP in implementing the Maturity of the SPIP at the Inspectorate Kab. South Solok. This research is a quantitative. The population and sample in this research were all government internal supervisory apparatus at the Inspectorate Kab. South Solok. Data collection technique used is through a questionnaire. The analysis technique used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis. The instrument were tested using validity test, reliability test, and normality test. Data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the role of leadership, internal supervisors, consultants, and catalysts had a positive effect on the implementation of the maturity of SPIP. While the role of quality assurance has a negative effect on the implementation of the maturity of SPIP.

Polymorphism Analysis of Antiviral Sensor Genes in Hcv Infections: Impact on Response to Therapy

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne virus and a principal source of liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approximately 180 million people, around 3% of the world’s population infected with HCV. Roughly, 10 million Pakistanis, representing 6% of the total population, are with HCV infection. Most HCV infections lead to chronic infections due to the failure of the immune response. Toll like Receptors (TLR) is a family of transmembrane proteins that expresses most of the immune cells and is the main component of innate immunity that perform an important role in the recognition of various types of pathogens. The major innate immune sensor TLRs (TLR2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9) and Retonicacid inducible like receptor (RLR) (MDA5) are important for viral nucleic acid detection and inducing antiviral reactions. Aberrant immune activation can be harmful to the host; Therefore, TLRs and RLR activities are strictly regulated by the immune system. In addition, an unbalanced inflammatory response to the host via a TRL or RRL based signaling pathway may be responsible for inflammation and autoimmune disease.” “In this studyTLR2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 and MDA5genes Polymorphism were analyzed to ensure that these genes may play a role in the failure of interferon therapy and HCV clearance. In TLR2 Polymorphisms, we analyzed SNP Arg677Trp and Arg753Gln. The polymorphisms of TLR3 we analyzed were SNP rs5743314 (G/C), rs78726532 (A/G) and rs3775290 (T/C). The TLR4 polymorphism, analyzed in our study was SNPrs4986790(C/T), TRL7 rs179009 (A/G), TLR8 rs3764879, TLR9 rs187084 (A/T), TLR9 rs5743836, MDA-5 rs1990760 (A/G).High resolution melting (HRM) curve method was applied to screen out the mutations.PCR was directed according to the protocols of Step OnePlus™ Real-Time PCR.Total 500 samples were collected (400 HCV patients and 100 healthy subjects). Out of 400 HCV patients, 323 were interferon responders and 77 were interferon nonresponders.TLR2 Arg677Gln, TLR3 rs3775290, TLR4 Asp299Gly, TLR7 rs179009 and TLR9 rs187084 shown significant association with HCV recurrence, while TLR2 Arg753Gln, TLR3 rs5743314 and rs78726532, TLR8 rs3764878, TLR9 rs5743836 and MDA5 rs1990760 did not show any association with HCV recurrence.” Our outcomes are inconsistent with the current positional data on the NCBI database. These genotypes may help to identify those patients at higher risk of developing complications during the first year of treatment. Outcomes of this study may have opened a door to set up prospectively planned randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that include TLRs genotype information while evaluating new and advanced treatments of HCV especially for patients infected with genotype 3.Finally, the outcomes of this study may result in a benefit for the patient when clinically use to improve the efficiency and immunogenicity of the current therapeutic regimens through combining therapy with alternate TLR agonists to overcome immune deficiencies induced by defective TLR signaling.