Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Response of Cotton to Tillage, Irrigation and Sowing Methods

Response of Cotton to Tillage, Irrigation and Sowing Methods

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Irfan, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2203/1/2759S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727090667

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the White Gold, occupies a pivotal position in Pakistan’s economy as it is the major source of raw material for textile industry in the country. Currently, cotton crop is facing a number of restraints, resulting in low yield per ha. Some of the constraints include costly agricultural inputs (seed, fertilizers, pesticides etc), pest attack, lack of pest and disease resistant varieties, good quality seed, scarcity of irrigation water, improper cultivation method and unavailability of advanced technologies. The research was conducted at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, to explore the response of cotton to tillage, irrigation and sowing methods. The aim of the experiment was to assess most suitable and economical tillage system and planting method for cotton crop, to attain efficient irrigation water utilization and saving without affecting crop yield or quality and to quantify the irrigation water for cotton crop required for different planting methods. Keeping in view, two different experiments were conducted for two consecutive years. First experiment comprised of two tillage systems i.e., conventional tillage (one time disc harrow + two cultivations + planking) and deep tillage (chiselling twice + one cultivation + planking) and three sowing methods viz; flat sowing, ridge sowing, and bed sowing. The second experiment comprised of two irrigation levels (50% field capacity and 75% field capacity) along with three different sowing methods (flat sowing, ridge sowing, and bed sowing). Replicated three times, both experiments were laid out in split plot design randomizing tillage systems in main plots and sowing methods in sub-plots in experiment I while in experiment II irrigation levels were randomized in main plots and sowing methods in sub-plots maintaining a net plot size of 6.0 m × 9.0 m. Bt cotton variety AA-703 was sown at 75 cm spaced rows using 20 kg seed rate ha-1. Data pertaining to growth and yield parameters were recorded and analysed statistically. In first experiment, higher root length was recorded at deep tillage than conventional tillage during both the years of the study. Deep tillage gave maximum leaf area index (LAI) and total dry matter (TDM) showing increase in seed cotton yield of 18.72% in 2010 and 11.14% in 2011. Bed sowing produced 8.8% higher yield than ridge sowing in 2010 and 4.12% higher during 2011 and 25.61 and 16.47% higher than flat sowing respectively. Deep tillage with bed sowing gave maximum net returns of Rs. 121556/- with benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 1.81 in year 2010, while in 2011 it was Rs. 68627/- with BCR 1.45. In second experiment, application of irrigation at 75% field capacity (FC) significantly increased LAI, crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and TDM over 50% FC in 2010 and similar trend was also observed in 2011. Water applied at 75% FC enhanced 38 % yield during 2010 and 30.49% in 2011 than 50% FC. Bed sowing produced 12.1% and 18.09% (in 2010) and 6.08 and 19% (in 2011) higher yield than ridge sowing and flat sowing, respectively. Irrigation level of 75% FC with bed sowing gave maximum net return of Rs. 82574/- with BCR of 1.54 in 2010, while Rs. 43336/- with BCR 1.28 in 2011.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

پروفیسر قمر رئیس

پروفیسر قمر رئیس مرحوم
پروفیسر قمر رئیس بھی اپریل کی آخری تاریخوں میں اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے، ایک مہینہ پہلے ’’ایوان اردو‘‘ کے خصوصی اداریہ میں جب انہوں نے چند جانے والوں، خاص طور پر فضا ابن فیضی کا ماتم کرتے ہوئے تمنا ظاہر کی تھی کہ اگر موت ایک ماندگی کا وقفہ ہے تو کاش یہ دینوی اور علامتی طور پر سچ ہوتی لیکن اردو کے درد و بام پر سوگ کا عالم طاری دیکھ کر بڑی حسرت سے کہا کہ یقین نہیں آتا کہ جانے والوں کی رحلت محض ایک ماندگی کا وقفہ ہے، افسوس یہ ماتم کرنے ولا چند دنوں بعد اسی کاروان رفتگان کا حصہ بن کر اردو دنیا کو ایک دیدہ ور صاحب دانش سے محرومی کا کرب دے گیا۔
ان کا وطن شاہ جہاں پور اور نام مصاحب علی خاں ہے لیکن قمر رئیس کی شہرت کی چمک میں اصل نام و وطن چھپ کر رہ گئے، علی گڑھ میں تعلیمی مراحل سے گزرکر تدریسی منزلیں طے کرتے رہے، اس راہ میں تاشقند و سمرقند سے بھی گزر ہوا لیکن شہرت کو بال و پروان کے قلم نے عطا کیے، ۱۹۳۲؁ء میں جب وہ پیدا ہوئے تو اردو کے ترقی پسندوں کی تحریک صرف ذہنوں میں تھی لیکن قمر رئیس کا عالم شباب آیا تو ترقی پسند تحریک کی مقبولیت بھی شباب پر آئی اور فطری طور پر عہد شباب کی بعض بے اعتدالیاں بھی ساتھ لائی، یہ کہنا بے احتیاطی نہیں کہ قمر رئیس کے ذہن کی سلامتی نے ان کو اس فکر سے محفوظ رکھا کہ ترقی پسند ادب کو قدیم ادب اور اس کی بہترین روایات کا منکر ہونا چاہئے، انہوں نے اردو تنقید کو اپنا موضوع بنایا تو اس اقرار کے ساتھ کہ تلاش و تفحص کا جذبہ ہی تنقید کا نقطہ آغاز ہے اور...

Sejarah dan Eksistensi Ekonomi Islam pada Era Global di Asia Tenggara

Sharia Economics of Southeast Asian countries has been existing, with a close relationship with their society, since the early arrival of Islam and its spreading in this archipelago through the period of the Islamic Kingdoms up till today. The unity of this Islamic economy with its society because the society has made their identity as Islam so that their habits, customs, economic system, and Worldview are identical to Islam. However, the implementation of the Islamic economic system and its financial activities were interrupted by the existing of colonialism. After their independence from colonization, the country such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei Darussalam initiated to raise awareness and conducted studies on the Islamic economic system. Even the government has a commitment to achieve the World's prominent center of Islamic economy. This year's report by The State of global Islamic economists reveal that ASEAN countries have succeeded in positioning their countries as a largest of sharia financial center in the world.

Catalytic Studies of Butadiene/Ethylene Polymerization

In present study, the polymerization of butadiene and ethylene were carried out using heterogeneous monometallic, bi-and tri-metallic catalysts. Five types of catalysts, nickel, cobalt monometallic, Ni-Co bi-metallic, and Ni-Co-Pd, Ni-Co-Pt tri-metallic were synthesized by using sol-gel, impregnation and hydrometallurgical methods. The synthesized nano composites were subjected to calcinations at 200, 400, 600 and 900 oC, to study their effects on catalyst morphology, activity and product selectivity. These were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), helium adsorption Brunaur, Emmett and Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR Spectroscopy, temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) and X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies. The synthesized catalysts were tested for the polymerization of butadiene and ethylene in ethanol, n-hexane and toluene solvents at various temperature and pressure conditions in Parr reactor. The products obtained were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR, 1H and 13 C Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Static laser light scattering (SLLS) and Mass spectrometric analysis (MS). The results showed that in ethanol solvent at 130 °C and 1.0 barr pressure, the product obtained consists of aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds and polybutadiene terminated by -OH group. The selectivity of product was obtained in n-hexane and toluene solvent. In order to synthesize hydroxyl group terminated polybutadiene HTPB, the termination of polybutadiene was carried out by acidic solution of ethanol or hydrogen peroxide, whereas the termination of polyethylene was carried out by the acidic solution of ethanol. The significant product was achieved with the catalyst prepared by hydrometallurgical method as compared to other techniques. The best results were achieved with the Ni-Co- Pt catalyst calcined at 900 oC with molecular weight average of 12414 and a polydispersity Mw/Mn value of 1.404 under controlled conditions of temperature 130 oC and pressure 1.0 barr. The microstructure distribution of polybutadiene was studied by carrying out catalytic activity test at different temperature and pressure conditions. 100% stereoregular product of cis-1,4 polybutadiene have been achieved at low temperature 30 oC and pressure 0.5 barr with the catalyst Ni-Co calcined at 900 oC.