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Home > Response of Three Stored Grain Insect Pests to Different Combinations of Phosphine and Essentialoils of Different Plants

Response of Three Stored Grain Insect Pests to Different Combinations of Phosphine and Essentialoils of Different Plants

Thesis Info

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Author

Hanif, Muhammad Shahid

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2650/1/2663S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727094492

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The present study was carried out in Grain Research, Training and Storage Management Cell of the Department of Agri. Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The effect of essential oils of three plants Melia azadarach (Bakain), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Datura stramonium (Datura) and phosphine fumigation alone and in combination were evaluated for their repellent and mortality effect against Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica and Trogoderma granarium at various concentrations viz., 5 %, 10 % and 15 % for plant oils, while 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm for phosphine fumigation. The effect of these plant oils and phosphine fumigation was also studied on F1 progeny of the test insects. The results showed that maximum repellency of Tribolium castaneum was observed Azadirachta indica which was 77.66 % and Trogoderma granarium which was 76.43% with Datura stramonium. In case of Rhyzopertha dominica it was 81.48 % with Azadirachta indica. For mortality assay, data was collected after 24 h, 48h and 72 h against plant oils. The results revealed that maximum mortality of Tribolium castaneum was observed in Datura stramonium which was 28.82 %. While in case of Rhyzopertha dominica observed maximum mortality was 25.45 % against Azadirachta indica. In case of Trogoderma granarium maximum mortality was observed at Datura stramonium which was 24.30 %. For combination of plant oils and phosphine concentrations data was taken after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Maximum mortality of Tribolium castaneum was observed at Azadirachta indica which was 90.55 % at a combination of 15 % concentration of plant oil and 300 ppm phosphine gas while of Trogoderma granarium it was 86.43 % at Melia azadarach at a combination of 15 % of plant oil and 300 ppm of phosphine gas . In case of Rhyzopertha dominica observed mortality was 93.22 % at Azadirachta indica at a combination of 15 % of plant oil and 300 ppm phosphine gas. Mortality of insects against phosphine gas was also observed. Data showed that maximum mortality of Tribolium castaneum was observed at 300 ppm of phosphine gas which was55.93 % and in Trogoderma granarium it was 46.33 % at 300 ppm gas concentration. While in case of Rhyzopertha dominica it was 64.41 % at 300 ppm phosphine gas concentration. After that from the survivors of test insects F1 progeny data was recorded after thirty days of releasing in fresh grains at 30 + 2̊C and 70 + 5 % R.H. results showed that maximum F1 progeny of each insect in the following form. i.e. 0 % > 5 % > 10n % > 15 % >. Where 0 % is control. Minimum F1 progeny was observed at 15 % concentration of plant oils. In case of combination of plant oil and Phosphine gas concentration trend was like this. 0 % > 5 % + 100 ppm > 10 % + 200 ppm > 15 % + 300 ppm. So minimum F1 progeny was observed at 15 % + 300 ppm gas combination in all test insects. While in case of alone phosphine gas concentration maximum F1 progeny was observed at 100 ppm concentration. Minimum F1 progeny was observed at 300 ppm.
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مولوی محمود الحسن

آہـ! مولوی محمودالحسن
اس مہینہ کے معارف کی طباعت ختم ہو رہی تھی کہ یکا یک خبر ملی کہ مولوی محمود الحسن ناظم انجمن تعلیمات دین، اپنے بچوں، عزیزوں اور قدر دانوں کو چھوڑ کراب وہاں ہیں جہاں نیکوں، پاکبازوں، صفاکشوں کو سرور جاودانی اور حیات ابدی ملتی ہے، ان کی دائمی جدائی پر کچھ آنکھیں نمناک اور اشکبار ہوں گی، لیکن انجمن تعلیمات دین کے کارکنوں اور ہمدردوں کی آنکھوں سے خون کے آنسو، بھی جاری ہوں گے تو اس سے ان کی دائمی رحلت کی غم ناکی اور درد ناکی دور نہ ہو سکے گی، ان کی وفات کچھ ایسا ہی جاں گسل سانحہ ہے۔
وہ انجمن تعلیمات دین کے بانیوں میں سے تھے، ۱۹۴۷؁ء کے انقلاب کے بعد چند مردان خدا کی بدولت یہ انجمن قائم ہوئی تو زبان حال سے یہ کہہ رہی تھی:
یہ دور اپنے ابراہیمؑ کی تلاش میں ہے
اس انجمن نے اترپردیش میں جو کام انجام دیے ہیں، وہ مسلمانوں کی ملی تاریخ کا ایک زریں کارنامہ ہے، اس کے ذریعہ سے بے شمار دینی مکاتب قائم ہوئے، جن سے اترپردیش کے مسلمان بچوں کی دینی حمیت اور ایمانی غیرت کے ثبات ویقین کا سامان فراہم ہوا، جناب عدیل عباسی مرحوم نے اس کارواں کے یکہ تاز بن کر جس طرح رجز خوانی کی، اس سے انجمن کا کام بہت آگے بڑھا، ان کے یمین ویسار میں مولوی ظفر احمد صدیقی مرحوم وکیل اور مولوی محمود الحسن رہے، جس سے اس کے کام کو غیر معمولی فروغ ہوا، مصلحت خداوندی سے جناب عدیل عباسی مرحوم اور جناب ظفر احمد صدیقی مرحوم، مولوی محمودالحسن کو تنہا چھوڑ گئے، مگر وہ اس کے لیے عمل پیہم اور یقین محکم بلکہ سوزدروں، درد پنہاں اور روح جاں گسل بنے رہے، وہ کسی مجلس میں بیٹھ جاتے تو معلوم ہوتا کہ انجمن تعلیمات...

آنحضرت کے اجتہادی فیصلوں کی بنیاد اور ضرورت

The changes and evolutions in human experience can resolve the problems. Islam doesn't have narrow view regarding human life, rather removes obstacles in its way to development. Ijtihad has played a vital role to bring compatibility between society and Islamic law, its expansion, development, and changing needs of society. This principle has provided solution to various political, social economic and cultural problems during the period of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) himself, many times, practiced Ijtihad regarding matters raised in newly established Islamic state and the Ummah. Many of the decisions were ratified and revised by Him as well. These decisions were according to the need of time either, political, social, economic or moral. These decisions prove the importance of ijtihad as a principle of movement and also the legislative and explanatory status for the future.

سیرت نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی عصری اور بین الاقوامی اہمیت،اقوام متحدہ کے حقوق انسانی کے منشور کے تناظر میں ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ

The Biography or Seerah of Prophet Mohammad is a glorious title of history and it has given humanity an unmatched and everlasting status. and a destiny. To prove its honesty and truth, one should not go far in quest or search or to put any efforts. We will know after having a glance at every section that, this alone is the biggest Since the discussed topic is related to focused by me. In this context, following five chapters has been formatted: First chapter: in this chapter, the significance, utility and sources of Seerat-e-Tayyaba has been discussed. Keeping in mind the lexical and idiomatic annotations, it has been told that Seerat is a combination of two different meanings. Comm In view of common meanings, it has been written that the actions and way of life of any common men is called Seerah, but in specific meanings, it has been described as the Plans, Acts, Personality is belonged to Prophet Muhammad, is Called Seerah. 2nd Chapter: Need and importance of modern understandings of Seerat-e-Nabi has been explained. An effort has been made to bring constructive aspects and current issues into practice. In this chapter the aspects/attributes of Holy Prophet and principles of present time has also been expressed. For the relevancy to the topic, and in intention to certain attributes of Prophet Muhammad, Modern understandings of Seerah have been explained and three separate topics have been discussed. 4th Chapter: in this chapter, human rights in specific view of Seerat-un-Nabi have been explained. The clauses of Last Sermon have been explained in view of recent times. 5th Chapter: in this chapter, an effort has been made to solve current issues in the light of Seerat-e-Tayyaba. The comprehensive and universal strategies and teachings of Seerat-e-Tayyaba have been applied in view of current scenario. Also considering the Seerah of Prophet Muhammad as a role model for all, some aspects has also been mentioned.