ہو میرا کام غریبوں کی حمایت کرنا
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم وطن ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پرلب کشائی کا موقع مل رہا ہے وہ ہے:’’ہو میرا کام غریبوں کی حمایت کرنا‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
شاعر اپنے شعر کے اس مصرعے میں اپنی ایک خواہش کا اظہار کر رہا ہے۔ ایک آرزو اس کے دل میں انگڑائیاں لے رہی ہے، ایک حسرت اس کے دماغ کے در یچوں کو دستک دے رہی ہے، ایک تمنا ہے جس کی روشنی سے وہ اپنے آنگن کومنور کرنا چاہتا ہے۔’’ اس آرزو کی تکمیل میں وُہ عزم صمیم کا حامل ہے‘‘۔
جنابِ صدر!
یہ تمنامال و دولت کے لیے نہیں ہے، یہ آرزو جائیداد اور بنک بیلنس کے لیے نہیں ہے، اس کی جستجو فلک بوس محلات کی تعمیر کے لیے نہیں ہے۔ اس کی یہ آرزو درازی عمر کے لیے نہیں ہے، اس کی اس خواہش کامطمع نظر اعزاء واقرباء نہیں ہیں، اس کی اس تمنا کا محور معاشی اور معاشرتی اقدار کا تحفظ نہیں ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
علامہ اقبال رحمۃ اللہ علیہ شاعر مشرق ہیں وہ اپنے اس مصرعے کے ذریعے محبت و پیار کے جذبے کو برانگیختہ کرتے ہوئے نظر آرہے ہیں ، وہ رواداری اور اخوت کی لکیر کو مزید گہرا کرنا چاہتے ہیں ، وہ ہم آہنگی اور یگانگت کے درمیان حائل خلیج کو ختم کرنا چاہتے ہیں۔
صدرِ ذی وقار!
ان کی خواہش یہ ہے کہ ایک انسان دوسرے انسان کے کام آئے ، سسکتی اور تڑپتی ہوئی انسانیت کی خدمت کرے، ظلم و استبداد کی چکی میں پستی ہوئی انسانیت کی فلاح مقصود ہو،غربت کی لکیر سے نیچے زندگی گزارنے والوں کے لیے دستِ تعاون بڑھائے، بحر...
Osteopenia is regarded as the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) which is lower than that of the average value but not as low as Osteoporosis. In Pakistan, Osteoporosis and Osteopenia among women have become one of the most common problems of recent times. Objectives: To find the frequency of osteopenia among females in Faisalabad and its association with SES (Socio Economic Status). Methodology: It was an analytical and cross-sectional study which was conducted at Niaz Medicare Clinic in Faisalabad. The study was completed in 9 months from 18 October 2019 to 18 July 2020. Non probability purposive sampling was done and 323 females were taken for the study. Results: The results demonstrated that 56.3% of the population had Osteopenia. Socio Economic Status had as statistically significant association with Osteopenia (p= 0.041). The results also revealed that the females belonging to middle class and lower class had a higher prevalence of Osteopenia than the females of upper Socio Economic Status. Conclusion: the frequency of Osteopenia was fairly high among females specifically the age group 18-29 years. There was an association found between Osteopenia and Socio Economic status (p =0.041).
The deployment of English language and its discursive practices entailed the emergence of appropriated English and its counter discursive practices. The postcolonial creative English writers in the invaded and partly in settler colonies nativitized the colonial language in the context of their multi- linguistic,multi-ethnic,multi-culturalandmulti-racialcolonizedexperiences.However,this dissertation is an attempt to focus on the dismantling and appropriating strategies inducted by Bapsi Sidhwa and Arundhati Roy in their narratives in the perspective of the geo-political and socio-linguistics settings of Pakistan and India. Both the novelists’ innovative linguistic and textual practices demonstrated in their texts denote the deconstruction and decolonization of the colonial language and its discursive practices. The induction of their appropriating strategies also implies the deconstruction of the western dominant ideologies as well as the indigenous hegemonic normative practices in the context of their complex colonized experiences. Likewise, both these creative English writers installed the subverting and appropriating strategies like neologism, transliteration, untranslated words, code-switching, code- mixing, translation equivalents and glossing on the linguistic and grammatical format of their mother tongues to foreground the lexico- semantic richness repertoire of their indigenous languages and the lived socio-cultural and geo-political concrete realities. In addition, these novelists employed the linguistic and textual practices to shoulder the weight of their hybridized experiences as the Standard English language and its norms were inadequate to address the hybridity, split identity, multiplicity of languages and variant culture in terms of the non-western settings of Pakistan and India. Consequently, their induction of appropriating textual strategies in their texts; demonstrated the alterity, resistance and difference from the privileged centre of epistemological and ontological norms. Accordingly, the dissertation in the postcolonial discourse theory and appropriation perspective attempts to investigate that the authenticity and purity of Standard English language is unsound and unrealistic. It also demonstrates that the purity of the western culture is based on myth and transcendentalism. The study explores as well that all language is marginalized and hybridized and all culture is intrinsically syncretic. It also substantiates that the nativitizing strategies inducted by Sidhwa and Roy in their texts de-hegemonized the Standard English and its coded referentilaity. Hence, their appropriating linguistic and textual strategies demonstrated in their narratives are also authentic and realistic as these incorporated and carried the ‘lived experiences’ and ‘message event’ rather than to some presumptive fixed referentilaity. Linguistically, the western purists may label Pakistani and Indian appropriated English and its counter discursive practices as mistakes, vernacular, atavistic and primitive but politically these variant englishes have de-marginalized and decolonized the linguistic and cultural hegemony of the metropolitan centre. The study motivates that appropriation of the colonial language is an accessible and trustworthy alternative instrument for the postcolonial creative English writers of Pakistan and India in terms of irreducible and irrevocable cultural syncreticism and linguistic hybridization.