پرنس نجم الدین
پرنس نجم الدین کی وفات کا حادثہ اتنا الم ناک اورصدمہ انگیز ہے کہ ہمیں اس کے دوررس اثرات کے تصور ہی سے وحشت ہورہی ہے ان جیسا دردمند مسلمان، ان جیسا عالم وفاضل اورذہین شخص،ان جیسا سوشل ریفارمر،ان جیسا ماہر تعلیم اوران جیسا اعلیٰ دماغ منتظم ایک مدت سے مسلمانوں میں کوئی دوسرا نہیں تھا ،کہنے کو وہ بوہرہ فرقہ کے مسلمانوں کے روحانی پیشواؤں کے خاندان کے اہم ترین فرد تھے لیکن حقیقتاً ان کے فکر ونظر کی اڑان آفاقی تھی۔جہاں کہیں مسلمانوں کی صف میں کسی بدنظمی کے آثار ظاہر ہوتے،جہاں کہیں کسی مسلم تحریک کو مشکل درپیش ہوتی،جہاں کہیں کسی مسلم ادارہ کورہنمائی، تعاون اورمدد کی ضرورت ہوتی، ان کا دل دردمندی اوربے قراری کی شدت سے دھڑکنے لگتا اوروہ پوری توجہ اور فراخ دلی کے ساتھ اس کی طرف متوجہ ہوتے۔کتنے مسلم رہنماؤں نے ان کی دل سوزی اورہمدردی سے فیض اٹھایا،کتنے اداروں نے ان کی فیاضی اور سیر چشمی سے استحکام حاصل کیا،کتنی تحریکوں نے ان کے تعاون اورخاموش امداد سے قوت اور حوصلہ پایا۔کتنے صاحب علم وفن ان کی قدردانی اورسرپرستی سے سیراب اور فیض یاب ہوئے ان کی لامتناہی اورطویل داستان، اب ان ہی کے ساتھ خاموش ہوگئی۔
وہ مسلمانوں کی فلاحی تحریکوں کے روح رواں آدھی صدی سے زیادہ عرصے تک بنے رہے لیکن ان کی سمندروں جیسی گہرائی،ان کی فطرت کاخاموش جوہر، ان کی منکسرمزاجی نے کبھی بھی اپنے کوکھولنے اورواشگاف کرنے کے سطحی انداز کے قریب نہیں آنے دیا۔مسلمانوں کی ملّی سرگرمیوں کی سرزمین پران کا وجود سورج کی طرح تھا، جس کی کرنوں کا فیض خاص وعام کے امتیاز اورفرق کے بغیر ہرایک کے لیے دستیاب تھا۔
وہ بوہرہ فرقہ کی فلاحی اورجماعتی سرگرمیوں کاایک ایسا محور تھے کہ بلاشبہ اس کے معاشی،علمی، دینی اور سماجی امنگوں کے سارے سوتے ان...
Human being is the combination of two elements (body and soul). Soul is the eternal element in human being. Body of human is subordinate to disease and illness. Similarly soul can also get illness and inner disease. Human being visits doctors for cure and getting better physical health of body, likewise for the care and cure of the soul of human needs to have spiritual attachment, which is called tasawof. In Muslim society, it is believed that Tasawoof is confined to four categories (Salasil) i.e. Naqashbandiya, Chishtiya, Saharwardiya and Qadariya. In the same context it is also accepted that some other names of different salasil exist in different societies and books, which made the confusion in the real picture and concept of Tasawof. This article is an attempt to find these unfamiliar Salasil of tasawof and clarify their legal status. The researcher studied in this context which stated that tasawof is not restricted to the above mentioned four categories. The reason of less familiarization in the society is that the it was practiced by less followers at the time.
Sixty inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L) were screened in the green house at seedling stage both under normal and water deficit conditions. The layout of design was complete randomized desidn (CRD) with two replications. Six water deficit tolerant inbred lines were selected on the basis of dry root weight, root/shoot ratio and relative leaf water content. These inbred lines were sown in the field conditions to attempt all possible crosses in a diallel fashion. The layout of the design was randomized complete block design (RCBD). F1 crosses, their reciprocal crosses along with their parental lines were planted under both normal and water deficit conditions. Normal irrigations(8) were applied to normal set of experiment whereas 50% of yhe normal irrigations(4) were applied to water deficit condition. The data pertaining to various morpho-physiological parameters was recorded at physiological maturity of the crop. The data was subjected to statistical analysis. The coefficient correlation among seedling traits like fresh root weight, dry root weight, root/shoot ratio and relative leaf water contents showed strong association with each other in both normal and water deficit conditions. Mean squares for all the parameters were significant under both conditions, indicating the presence of sufficient genetic variability. Relative general combining ability, specific combining ability and reciprocal effects were calculated for all the characters (Griffing, 1956, Method I, Model I). Estimates of variance components for general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects for all the parameters i.e., plant height, leaf temperature, days taken to tasseling, days taken to silking, anthesis-silking interval, no kernels per ear,100 grain weight, grain yield per plant, no of kernel per row, ear height, relative leaf water content, no of ears per plant under normal and water deficit regimes. These components were computed in order to obtain an estimate of relative importance of additive and non-additive or dominance type of gene action. Estimation of components of variation indicate larger values of GCA variance as compared to SCA variance depicting the preponderance of additive genetic effects for all the traits except number of kernels per ear having greater SCA variance than GCA variance 15 showing non additive genetic effects under normal conditions. Heritability estimates for grain yield and yield related parameters shoed maximum ability to transfer the genes to the next generation. Inbred lines W-10× W64SP proved to be best grain yielders on mean basis under normal and water deficit conditions. Hence, these inbred lines might be exploited in future breeding programs.Under water deficit condition, best performing cross was N-18×W-64SP. Hence this cross can be utilized for future breeding program under water deficit conditions.