The O-GlcNAc modification is, akin to phosphorylation, an abundant modification which plays an important role in cellular processes. The addition of O- GlcNAc to proteins is regulated by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). This enzyme is ubiquitously expressed in mammals. The human OGT spans approximately 43 kb of genomic DNA, and to date, 3 OGT isoforms have been sequenced (two nuclear and one mitochondrial). In mammals, OGT exist as different isoforms, such as in the rat and the mouse, differing by 30 nucleotides in their N-terminal (exon 2) . In this study, the mouse OGT isoforms were investigated. In addition, the expression of the full OGT transcript and various transcripts was studied by real-time PCR in mouse tissues (liver, heart, kidney, testis, lung, spleen, ear, stomach, intestine, bone, tail and brain). The highest level of full length mouse OGT was found in spleen followed by testis and lung. The human OGT was shown to have highest expression in pancreas. Further investigations showed that mice express both isoforms (one which uses both exon 2A and 2B and one which skips exon 2A and only uses exon 2B). The first isoform showed highest expression in heart and aorta and the second one in liver and lung, suggesting that mouse OGT exists in different isoforms of varying abundance. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are the major regulators of protein biological functions. PTMs are catalyzed by their respective enzymes which are sequence specific. Depending on the environment and signaling contexts, proteins are modified and instantly functional. In this study, the protein consensus sequences of 4 different modifications were investigated by utilizing the bio-informatic tool MAPRes. This tool mines association rules of a modified residue in peptides. Phosphorylated Ser/Thr/Tyr showed a polar sequence environment with Pro at various positions. O-GlcNAc modified Ser/Thr occured in an environment with vicinal Val (-1 position) and Pro (-2 and -3 positions), acetylated Lys occured in a basic environment with a preference for His or Tyr at +1 and Ser at +7 positions. Methylated Lys also showed a preference for basic amino acids, but compared with acetylated Lys, which have a high preference for vicinal Lys, methylated Lys showed a higher preference for Arg. Methylated Arg showed a high preference for Gly both up- and downstream the peptide chain. In addition, the Yin Yang site sequence environment was also investigated and showed that such sites were located in a polar environment with Pro at various positions. These results suggest that Pro is a very important amino acid in the vicinity of modified amino acids. Furthermore the position of Pro could be determinant in deciding whether a residue is phosphorylated, O-GlcNAc modified or both (Yin Yang site).
بھٹو صاحب اور جمعہ فقیر کی دوستی کی ہوشربا داستان ۔
’’میری بھٹو صاحب سے محبت یا عقیدت اس وجہ سے نہیں کہ وہ کوئی عظیم قسم کے کلاسکل سوشلسٹ یا مارکسٹ تھے البتہ یہ ضرور ہے کہ ان میں وہ تمام خوبیاں موجود تھیں جو ایک اچھے سوشلسٹ میں ہو نی چاہییں ۔اسی کو بھٹو ازم کہتے ہیں ۔اس فرق کو سمجھے بغیر آپ بھٹو صاحب کو بھی نہیں سمجھ سکتے ۔ہمارے بائیں بازو کے اچھے خاصے دانشور اس غلط فہمی کا شکار ہیں ۔‘‘
میں نے بھٹو صاحب کے چالیسویں کے موقع پر ان فقیر کو اپنی آنکھوں سے دیکھا تھا۔اس دن گڑی خدا بخش میں بھٹو صاحب کے مزار پر عوام کا بے پناہ رش تھا ۔جس کی وجہ سے میں اس فقیر کی طرف کوئی خاص توجہ نہ دے سکا ۔آج صبح یہ پوسٹ میری نظروں سے گزری تو اس فقیر کا چہرہ میری نظروں کے سامنے گھوم گیا ۔جس دوست نے اس کو فیس بک پر پوسٹ کیا ہے اس کو کل میں نے کسی بات کی وجہ سے ان فرینڈ کیا تھا ۔اس کے بعد اس نے اپنا تعارف کرایا اور مجھ سے اپنی کوتاہی پر معذرت کی ۔آج اتفاقاََ اس نوجوان کی پوسٹ میری نظرسے گزری ۔اس سندھی سے اردو میں ترجمہ شدہ متن سے کچھ غلطیاں میں نے نکال دی ہیں اور اگر مجھے اس کا مکمل متن مل جائے تو میں اس پر مزید تحقیق کر نے کی کوشش کروں گا ۔
ایک دوستی کی داستان ۔دوستی عام ہے لیکن اے دوست! دوست ملتا ہے بڑی مشکل سے ۔ لاڑکانہ میں لوگوں کو آج بھی ذوالفقار علی بھٹو اور ایک فقیر صفت درویش شخص جمعہ فقیر کی دوستی یاد ہو گی ۔یہ...
This research is a quantitative approach with the aim at knowing: (1). The relationship between self-efficacy and the role of the teacher by learning based on self-regulation. (2). The contribution given by self-efficacy and the role of teachers in self-regulation based learning. (3). Levels of self-efficacy and the role of teachers in learning based on self-regulation. The subject of this study was acceleration in one of the Public High Schools in Surakarta as many as 115 people. This study is a principled study on population studies. Based on the results and analysis using multiple regression it is known that the correlation coefficient R = 0.375 (p = 0.000: p <0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and the role of teachers with self-regulation. The total contribution given by the two independent variables in this study amounted to 14.1%, and for both categorizations the independent variables namely self-efficacy and the role of the teacher were at a high level, and the dependent variable of learning based on self-regulation was at a very high level. Key word: Self-Regulated Learning, Self-Efficacy, The Role of Teachers
The current study was designed to investigate the impact of learning environment of cadet colleges on personality development and life success of students in Pakistan. Objectives of the study were to explore various aspects of learning environment, assess the impact of learning environment on personality development, analyze various dimensions of life success, determine the influence of learning environment on students‘ life success and examine the mutual impact of learning environment, personality development and life success. This study was descriptive and exploratory in nature therefore triangulation research design of mixed method was considered appropriate for its completion. The population of this study was comprised of worthy principals, teaching faculty, intermediate students and alumni of recognized cadet colleges of Pakistan. Convenient sampling and snowball sampling techniques were used for the present study. The sample of study consisted of 500 respondents which were alumni of twenty four cadet colleges. Moreover, interview was conducted for the principals of twelve cadet colleges and observations were also recorded. Two type of data was required, one in the form of questionnaire from the alumni of cadet colleges about learning environment, personality development and life success keeping in view the objectives of the study. Secondly, semi structured interviews of the worthy principals were conducted. Two observations were also recorded though documentary record and observation sheet at cadet colleges during the interview of the principals. After pilot testing, the researcher personally administered research tools and collected data from the respondents. After data collection, the data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. To describe the characteristics of respondents, t-test and One Way ANOVA were run. However, to analyze the subjective data, inferential statistics were used. Correlation and regression analysis were used to infer the respondents‘ questions. Qualitative data was analyzed by using NVivo 12.0 software and major themes were extracted by using data reduction techniques. The results show that learning environment is a contributory factor in grooming and developing the personality domains of the students. It also plays an important role towards incremental improvement in life success of the students. There exists a strong positive correlation between learning environment and personality development as well as between learning environment and life success. Also, there is a mutual impact among learning environment, personality development and life success. Resultantly, cadet colleges bring substantial change in their students by providing effective and conducive learning environment to their students. The same model can be applied to other public sector educational institutions of Pakistan. In nutshell, the authorities and people at helm of affairs in Pakistan should improve the learning environment of their academic institutions in order to gain the objectives of education, for which plausible recommendations have been proffered in this research.