وسائل تشكيل الصورة للموت والحياة عند جبران خليل جبران

The concept of imagery plays an important role in literacy, critical and rhetorical studies. Different research studies describe the reality of imagery its role and methods of its formulation in literary work. Imageries are among those literary tools, through which writers share their experiences. The writer uses different literary tools to formulate imagery and to share their feelings with readers. These tools are simile, metaphor, sensuousness, personification and oxymoron etc. Khalil Jubran was among those writers who frequently used imagery in his work to reflect his inner feelings in a better way. This research study was focused only on the use of imagery tools in his work for the formulation of life and death.

Synthesis of Novel Heterocyclic Compounds

The present dissertation entitled “Synthesis of Novel Heterocyclic Compounds” is comprised of two parts. Part A describes the synthesis of Azaborines. In Part A the synthesis of Azaborines is classified into two classes. (a) 1, 3, 2 benzodiazaborininones (carbonyl containing, boron-based heterocyclic scaffolds) (68-89). In the synthesis of 1, 3, 2 benzodiazaborininones, anthranilamide reacted with different commonly available potassium organitriflouroborates using a fluorophile (BF3NH2Et) with efficient methodology. NH B NH O 68 F NH B NH O MeO OMe 69 NH B NH O O 70 NH B NH O 71 NH B NH O Br 72 NH B NH O F F 73 NH B NH O COOMe 74 NH B NH O CN 75 NH B NH O 76 NH B NH O O 77 NH B N H O CH3 78 Abstract ix NH B N H O CF3 79 NH B N H O S 80 NH B NH O NO2 81 NH B NH O 82 NH B NH O 83 84 NH B NH NH2 O NH B NH Cl O 85 NH B NH O CO2Me 86 CH2CO2Me NH B NH O 87 NH B NH O 88 N H B NH N O 89 The second class of azaborines prepared were 1,2-dihydroazaborinines, including 1-benzenyl-2-quinolinyl/isoquinolinyl-1,2-dihydroazaborinines (91-95, b1). These were obtained by reacting N-benzyl-2-vinylaniline with potassium organotrifouroborates in the presence of SiCl4 and Et3N. 2-Ethynyl-1,2-dihydroazaborinines (96-97, b2) were synthesized by using the same methodology where 2-vinylaniline was used with different commercially available potassium organotriflouroborates. All the products synthesized were charecterzied by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 11B-NMR, HRMS. The results obtained confirmed the formation of desired product. Abstract x B N N B N N B N N B N N B N N 91 92 93 94 95 B HN TMS B HN F 96 97 Part B. Part B consists of the synthesis of 2,4 di-substituted quinolines. The 2, 4- disubstituted quinolines were synthesized using a Povarov related reaction using indium chloride as a catalyst. Two classes of 2,4 di-substituted quinolines were prepared. (c) Quinoline isoindolindiones (187-193) products were synthesized in two steps.The First step involved Schiff base synthesis while second step involved condensation of Schiff bases with N-propargylphthalimide. N Cl OMe N O O N Br OMe N O O N OMe N O O MeO 187 188 189 Abstract xi N OMe N O O N OMe N O O N Cl N O O MeO N N O O 190 191 192 193 Second class is (d) benzoquinoline isoindolindiones (194,195). These compounds were prepared by reacting aldehydes, 1-naphthyl amine with N-propargylphthalimide in presence of indium chloride catalyst. All these compounds were characterized through FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Along with N-propargylphthalimide, another alkyne, 1- nitro-4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene was used under the same conditions. A reaction was attempted where 1-nitro-4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene was reacted with benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5-amine and different aldehydes, but the product isolated was not the desired one. N N O O N N O O 194 195