A study on “secreening and nutrient management of different indigenous range grasses in Thal range area of Punjab” was carried out during 2007-08 at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and Muzzafargar (Thal area) respectively. Germination vigor of buffle grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.), dhaman grass (Cenchrus setigerous Vahl), blue stem grass (Dicanthrium annulatum Forsk), gorkha grass (Elionurus hirsutus), blue panic grass (Panicum Retz), lumb grass (Aristida depressa), fountain grass (Pennisetum orientale Rich) and Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense L. Perse) was tested against hydro and osmopriming treatments in the laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ), urea and farm yard manure (FYM) were applied in the field to the primed seed of grasses secreened on basis of the response of grasses to different seed priming agents. Agronomic and nutritional performance of each grass was assessed at different growth stages. Blue panic grass (77.67%), dhaman grass (75.60%), Johnson grass (69.77%) and buffle grass (63.33%), gave maximum germination percentage and got 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th position on over all basis of germination vigor. Whereas CaSO 4 was found best as an osmopriming agent. Primed seed of the grasses getting first four positions was directly sown in the filed. Fertilizers and Farm yard manure were applied as source of inorganic and organic of nutrients to these grasses. All others agronomic characters were found in maximum amount in Johnson grass due to FYM as compared to ammonium nitrate and urea respectively except number of tiller per plant Maximum number of tillers per plant of dhaman grass were counted under the effect of urea. From nutritional point of view, FYM also exhibited maximum protein (18.03) in buffle grass, DM (9.87%) and mineral contents (13.33%) in Johnson grass respectively. On the basis of the results use of CaSO 4 is recommended for enhancing germination vigor of indigenous grasses especially buffle, dhaman, blue panic and Johnson grass and FYM should be applied as organic source of nutrients to increase the performance of grasses under the conditions of Thal range area.
پروفیسر عبد الحق کی یہ تصنیف 1998 ء میں منظر عام پر آئی ۔یہ کتاب اس عنوان کے تحت منعقد کیے گئے ایک سیمینار کا مجموعہ ہے۔ اسے مرتب کر کے اشاعت پذیر کیا گیا ہے۔ اس کے بعد تراجم پر نظر ڈالتے ہیں۔
Abstract: Evaluation is the backbone of our education system. It is one of the important factors of the three pillars of our education system. The three pillars are: educational objectives, teaching learning process and evaluation or assessment. Assessment, scores or grades are one of the factors of the main concern for the students of any academic programme. The present study is aimed to investigate the correlation between the internal and external assessment of Master of Education (M. Ed) examination of the students of Institute of Education & Research (I.E.R), University of Peshawar. In total all 200 students of university of Peshawar who appeared in the M. Ed. Annual examinations were taken as a sample being convenient to the researcher. The data was obtained from the Examination section of the University of Peshawar. The data so obtained was then analyzed through SPSS and it was concluded that both the Internal and External assessments were correlated. The implications were discussed. Key Words: Correlation, Assessment, Case study, M. Ed, University of Peshawar.
Advice networks are integral part of an organization as they channel a highly valuable resource, advice, across the workplace in the form of information, ideas, knowledge, guidance and instructions among employees in an informal social network augmenting the formal communication channels. This thesis attempted to explore some commonly observed morphological structures of workplace advice networks including tie forming tendency, reciprocity, gender-based homophily, popularity and activity spreads and transitivity in the real-world context of personal (gender, education, experience and expertise), psychological (personality, emotional intelligence and positive psychological capital) attributes of employees and the perceived leadership styles- thus the term anatomy. Using purposive sampling, 20 service-sector organizations were surveyed as WANs and 100% response rate was achieved. Network data were collected using a sociometric matrix employing the roster method. On the other hand, the conventional data for the personal characteristics were collected using a section for the demographic variables. The questionnaire for personality, emotional intelligence and positive psychological capital were borrowed from Donnellan, Oswald, Braid and Lucas (2006), Wong and Law (2002) and Luthans Avolio, Avey and Norman (2007) respectively. The scales were tested for their validity and reliability employing exploratory and then confirmatory factor analyses for validity and Cronbach’s alphas for reliability of the scales. Finally, to map the real-world effects of actors personal characteristics, psychological profiles, and perceived leadership styles upon the selected structural paradigms of the workplace advice networks, this thesis resorted to Exponential Random Graph (or p*) Models. The results showed that actors in the advice networks followed a meticulous approach in seeking advice from given colleagues in the networks. The advice seekers also tended to form reciprocal ties besides the general tendency to form advice seeking ties with a common advice giver. As far as the nodal attributes were concerned, employees with higher scores on the personality scales tended to seek advice rather than give; whereas employees with higher scores on emotional intelligence were more inclined towards advice giving. Nonetheless, employees with higher positive psychological capitals were less inclined towards advice giving. All other structural elements and attributes were insignificant. Anatomy of workplace advice network xi The study mainly focused on the total effects of the psychological constructs including personality, emotional intelligence and positive psychological capital, there still is a need to measure the effects of the individual components of each of these constructs separately. Similarly, the effect to different types of leadership styles perception can also be independently studied with reference to the anatomy of workplace advice networks. Finally, structures like transitivity can be studied independently in a study for its various triangular forms.