Potato processing industry is rising globally and increasing fast food demand of consumers exerts pressure on researchers to identify suitable potato cultivars for processing into chips and fries. Low sugar contents and light frying color are the principal traits to be observed for good chipping performance of potatoes. In potato industry, determination of sugar contents is particularly important as presence of high levels of sugars causes non enzymatic browning or Maillard reaction after frying of potato chips at high temperature. The current study was designed to screen out and assess the chipping potential of indigenous potato cultivars namely, Lady Rosetta, Santé. Hermes, Crozo, Kuroda and Asterix for sugar accumulation during storage at 3, 7 and 11ºC for 160 days (Phase I). The second phase was aimed to estimate the sugar reversion by applying reconditioning treatment at higher temperatures of 15, 20 and 25ºC for a short period of 30 days. All the physicochemical (specific gravity, dry matter, total starch ascorbic acid, sprouting, weight loss, hardness/firmness,) and biochemical analyses such as sugar contents (glucose, fructose, sucrose) and invertase enzyme activity were carried out at a regular interval of storage days. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was adopted for the quantification of sugars whereas the associated invertase activity appraised by spectrophotometrically. Considering the result of first phase; the correlation matrix for physicochemical and biochemical analyses revealed that specific gravity, dry matter content, percent weight loss and sprouting rate were positively correlated to sugar contents and invertase activity while negatively correlated to total starch, ascorbic acid and tuber’s hardness/firmness. Over the storage, gradual increase in sugar contents was observed during phase I, in which the maximum sugar accumulation was exhibited by tubers stored at 3ºC in contrast to 7 and 11ºC. Cold induced sweetening (CIS) under the influence of invertase activity was recorded highest in cultivar Kuroda, following the Santé, Asterix, Crozo, Hermes and Lady Rosetta. High temperature exposure to the stored tubers or reconditioning treatment for short time (Phase II) resulted in reversion of accumulated sugars to starch. The maximum reversion of sugars was attained at 20ºC as compared to 15 and 25ºC after 30th day of reconditioning. All the cultivars showed significant results for glucose, fructose and sucrose contents after reconditioning treatment such as Lady Rosetta (43.23, 38.33, 49.21 mg/100g), Hermes (48.97, 43.23, 39.23 mg/100g), Crozo (51.94, 46.72, 41.74 mg/100g), Santé (54.41, 51.37, 83.31mg/100g), Asterix (59.53, 62.11, 47.52 mg/100g) and Kuroda (86.93, 81.96, 51.21 mg/100g), respectively. The pattern of chips color was assessed and scored by using nine-point Hedonic scale after both phases. Consequently, significant variability (P < 0.05) in sugar contents and frying color was found among all cultivars, whereas Lady Rosetta with golden yellow chips color, Hermes having slightly yellow color and Crozo with yellow color were the most suitable cultivars for chips preparation after reconditioning. The outcomes of current study indicated that reconditioning at higher temperatures for short time resulted in a strong and diverse effect on starch sugar interconversion during storage. More importantly, these results proposed that reconditioning treatment of stored tubers could reduce CIS depending on the nature and type of the cultivar along with the applied storage conditions.
اکرامؔ سانبوی (۱۹۴۲ئ۔۲۰۱۱ئ) کا اصل نام محمد اکرام ہے۔ آپ ریاست جموں کشمیر کے سرمائی صدر مقام جموں میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آبائو اجداد کا تعلق ضلع جموں کی تحصل سانبہ سے تھا۔ اسی لیے اکرام سانبوی کہلاتے تھے۔ قیام پاکستان کے بعد جموں سے ہجرت کر کے سیالکوٹ کے محلہ پورن نگر میں آباد ہوئے۔ آپ نے ایم ۔اے اردو اورنیٹل کالج لاہور سے کیا اور اس کے بعد جناح اسلامیہ کالج سیالکوٹ میں اردو کے لیکچرا ر کی حیثیت سے آپ کا تقرر ہوگیا۔(۹۵۱) اکرام ؔغزل اور نظم کے شاعر ہیں۔ کالج کے زمانے میں انھوں نے کئی مزاحیہ مضامین اور افسانے لکھے جو کالج میگزین کے علاوہ کئی سطح کے ادبوں رسالوں میں شائع ہوئے۔ تنقیدی مضامین اور خصوصاً شاعری کا شوق بڑی عمر میں ہوا۔ اس لحاظ سے ان کی شاعری کی عمر کچھ زیادہ نہیں تاہم ان کے کلام سے ظاہر ہوتا ہے کہ ان میں ایک اچھا شاعر بننے کی پوری صلاحیت ہے۔ اکرامؔ کے کلام میں ہمیں گہرا سماجی شعور ملتاہے۔انھوں نے بڑی خوبصورتی سے اپنی شاعری میں اپنے ماحول کی شعری زبان میں عکاسی کی ہے ۔اور اس کے ساتھ ساتھ اپنے وقت کے مسائل کو بھی بڑی عمدگی سے پیش کیا ہے۔ ان کے ہاں ہمیں افسردگی اور بے چینی نظر آتی ہے۔ جو ان کے دل کی دنیا کی بھر پور عکاسی کرتی ہے۔ کچھ اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں: ہر طرف یاس کا اندھیرا ہے
The ECE teaching in pre-primary schools is enhanced by the Government in primary schools the student must be 3-8 years’ classes of Pakistan. This subject is a source of learning to know the things as well as to familiar with the school environments and connected to schools same time will be a responsible citizen, so the mosques are playing very important role in teaching of little kids from beginning of Islam to till date. It is more successfully working in our mosques and provide basic education for learner, so in this study found out the effectiveness of mosques for ECE pre-primary education SBA, Sindh Pakistan for this study sample was selected from the school teachers which were consist on 100 hundred and five like rate scale questioners were distributed among them to know the effectiveness of mosques for ECE education according the finding most the respondent were agreed that the mosques will be the suitable place for little kids learning place because mostly every colony, muhalla, village, street had a mosque and almost one or two rooms are also connected to mosques only few mosques where this facility is not avail able otherwise mostly these mosques is also a big class room if it is used carefully so this all was effective conclusion for the effectiveness of ECE as well as for the learners learning point of view. So it is also recommended for Government as well as policy makers to revisit polices of teaching ECE classes and their effectiveness in regards to mosques where all facilities have been already present must be included in streamline of Pakistan
Background: Acinetobacter infections are increasingly being recognized as a cause for significant in – hospital morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasingly multi – drug resistant strains of Acinetobacter are being isolated, increasing the burden on healthcare resources. Our objectives were to determine the outcomes and clinical factors related to outcomes of Acinetobacter infections at the Aga Khan University Hospital.
Methods: A retrospective study of Acinetobacter infections (from any site) was conducted. Patient records were used to gather relevant clinical information. The collected data was tabulated and analysed for any significant differences in demographic or clinical variables. The Pearson Chi squared test was used for categorical variables and the Student’s t-test was used for continuous variables. Significant factors were entered into a logistic regression model. Survival analysis using Kaplan Meier and log rank tests were performed to assess for significance between the different subgroups.
Results: Between 2010 and 2017, 80 infections were identified (32 VAP, 24 BSI, 13 skin and soft tissue, 9 pneumonia and 2 UTI) from 204 positive cultures. Thirty six (45%) of the infected patients died. The mean length of stay for the entire cohort was 35.5 days. Diabetes was the most common comorbid condition and Carbapenems were the most frequently prescribed antibiotic prior to infection. Sixty nine (86.25 %) of the Acinetobacter isolates were MDR. The Mean SOFA score, presence of a CVC, Mean age and COPD were found to be significantly different between the two survival groups. Using logistic regression models, the mean SOFA score was significantly associated with mortality.
Conclusion: The mortality from Acinetobacter infections at our institution was 45 %. The most common infection was VAPs. The mean SOFA score, age, COPD and CVC were significant factors between the two survival groups, however, only the mean SOFA score was a predictor of death.