A participatory epidemiological (PE) study was carried out in the Tharparkar District of Sindh province, Pakistan, which is the only fertile desert in the world. The study was carried out to assess the association of the disease with animal production systems and its socio-economic impact. During participatory rural appraisal activities, sets of semi structured interviews, visualization techniques, ranking and scoring techniques were applied to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The study revealed that sheep and goat are reared without systemic housing. The average herd size was 30 head with a sheep and goat ratio of 1:2. Women have an important role in sheep and goat husbandry especially for feeding, watering, milking, and management of lambing/ kidding. It was concluded from the study that most low-income landless farmers are involved in sheep and goat raising, which played a significant role in their household economy and provided the main source of income. It was also accomplished that Peste des Petits Ruminants and other prevailing sheep and goat diseases are causing momentous negative impacts on food security and child nutrition with the enduring impacts including delays in marriages, postponement of surgery and other family health interventions as well as disruption of children education.