Home > Single or Combined Effect of Zinc and Probiotics on Gut Morphology, Muscle and Hematological Parameters of Healthy and Heat Stressed Broiler Chicken
Single or Combined Effect of Zinc and Probiotics on Gut Morphology, Muscle and Hematological Parameters of Healthy and Heat Stressed Broiler Chicken
Heat stress is a major problem of the tropical countries including Pakistan. It has negative impact on poultry production and causes high economic losses. It has negative impact on growth performance, gastrointestinal morphology, meat quality and alters serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Zinc and probiotics have a role in amelioration of negative effects of stress. The current study aimed to determine the effect of zinc and probiotics either individually or in combination on the growth performance, gut histomorphology, meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in normal and heat-stressed broiler chicken. The study comprised of two trials and the trials were performed at broiler experimental house (Ravi campus), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. Experiment I was performed on day-old 192 broiler chicks for six weeks (42 days) under normal environmental conditions. The chicks were divided into six treatment groups including Control (basal diet), Zn30 (Basal diet+30mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed), Zn60 (Basal diet+60mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg diet), Pro (Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet),Com30 (Basal diet+30mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed+Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet) and Com60 (Basal diet+60mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed+Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet). Each treatment comprised of four replicates (8 birds per replicate).Two types of feed were adopted i.e. starter (0-21 days) and grower (22-42 days). At day 42 two birds from each replicate (8 birds/ group) were slaughtered and the parameters for growth performance (body weight, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio), intestine (villus height, Crypt depth, villus height: crypt depth ratio, villus surface area, goblet cell count and intraepithelial count in duodenum, jejunum and ileum), ceacal tonsil (length, width, area of lymphatic nodule), bursa of Fabricius (length, width, area of lymphoid follicle), meat quality (pHi, pHu, drip loss, muscle fiber diameter and cross sectional area, muscle fascicle diameter andits cross sectional area) were measured. The result showed that zinc supplementation improved the performance parameters including body weight and feed intake. It also increased villus height in duodenum, goblet cell count and intraepithelial count in ileum. The drip loss decreased and muscle fiber diameter, muscle fascicle diameter increased in zinc supplemented groups. Zinc supplementation also elevated the serum cholesterol and zinc levels. The probiotic supplementation either individually or in combination with zinc improved weight gain, feed efficiency, increased villus height: crypt depth ratio in duodenum, goblet cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte count in ileum when compared to control group. The probiotics singly or in combination with zinc improved meat quality through increase in ultimate pH, muscle fiber and muscle fascicle diameter and decrease in drip loss. The serum cholesterol decreased with probiotic supplementation. Experiment II was carried on 280 day-old chicks that were randomly divided in seven treatment groups i.e. Control (basal diet), HS (basal diet), HS-Zn30 (Basal diet+30mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed), HS-Zn60 (Basal diet+60mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg diet), HS-Pro (Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet), HS-Com30 (Basal diet+30mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed+Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet) and HS-Com60 (Basal diet+60mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed+Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet). Each group was comprised of five replicates (8 birds/group). The control group was kept under normal environmental temperature. Rest of the groups were exposed to cyclic heat stress from 22nd day onwards. The heat-stressed birds were kept at high ambient temperature (35±1˚C) and relative humidity (75±5%) for 8 hours (9:00am to 5:00 pm) followed by normal environmental temperature (26˚C) and relative humidity (65±5 %). The experiment duration and diet protocol was same as adopted in experiment I. On day 42, two birds from each replicate (10 birds/ group) were slaughtered. The parameters measured were same as in experiment I. The results presented that heat stress adversely influenced the performance parameters (feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio), intestinal parameters (villus height, villus height: crypt depth ratio, villus surface area, goblet cell and intraepithelial count), meat quality (pHi, pHu, muscle fiber diameters and cross sectional area) and serum biochemical parameters (cortisol, cholesterol and zinc). The dietary addition of zinc and probiotic alone or in combination improved the relative weight of spleen, pancreas, and bursa of Fabricius. The area of lymphatic nodule and lymphoid follicles was higher with combined supplementation of zinc and Probiotic. Single or combined supplementation of zinc and probiotic increased villus surface area, total goblet cell count in all segments of intestine and intraepithelial lymphocytes in jejunum and ileum. The results of the present experiment revealed that single or combined dietary supplementation of zinc and probiotic have positive impact on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chicken reared under cyclic heat stress.
مولانا سید احمدمہاجر مدنی ہمیں یہ معلوم کرکے بے حد افسوس ہواکہ پچھلے دنوں حضرت مولانا حسین احمد صاحب مدنی کے برادر بزرگ مولانا سید احمد صاحب مہاجر مدنی جوار نبوی میں ایک عرصہ مدید کے قیام ہجرت کے بعد پچھلے دنوں رہ گزائے عالم جادوانی ہوگئے۔ آں ممدوح کی تعریف میں مختصراً یہ کہنا کافی ہوگا کہ آپ صحیح معنی میں مولانا حسین احمد صاحب کے بڑے بھائی تھے۔عادات واطوار میں اسلاف کرام کا نمونہ تھے۔آپ کا عظیم الشان کارنامہ مدینہ طیبہ میں ایک شاندار دینی وصنعتی مدرسہ کاقیام ہے جس میں اس بلدۂ مطہرہ کے غریب بچے دینی اور صنعتی تعلیم حاصل کرکے سامان معادومعاش پیداکرتے ہیں۔ حق تعالیٰ آں مرحوم کوصدیقین و شہدا کے مراتب عالیہ سے شرف اندوز فرمائے اورپسماندگان کوصبر جمیل کی توفیق ارزاں ہو۔ رحمہ اﷲ رحمۃً واسعۃ ً۔ [جنوری ۱۹۴۰ء]
It is generally perceived in contemporary intellectual movements that canonical Traditionalists did not take hadth text into consideration as their scholarly efforts were limited to the evaluation of hadth chains. Aforementioned notion - in my opinion - originates from shallow study of methodology adopted by canonical hadth critics، as a deeper look into their scholarly works reveals that sciences of hadth includes the authentication and disparagement of traditions as well as comprehension and deduction from hadth content. The sole objective of early Traditionalists from transmission، collection of hadth، its evaluation، authentication and disparagement was to safeguard the true meaning of Sunnah and to transmit it in its pure form to the successors. In fact the peculiarity of their work is that they exert all efforts in order to deal with hadth as a single undivided whole، where examination of content was not irrelevant to the evaluation of chain، their conscientious efforts recorded in major works of hadth show how they evaluated content of hadth to determine that it was not contradictory to Shari‘ah، or with another sound tradition، as there was a possibility that a certain reliable reporter made mistake or speculated in transmitting the meaning of hadth. Therefore we witness them disparaging a certain transmitter for his negligence and errors whereas his hadth is forsaken، moreover they would not consider him a Traditionalists or muhaddithn if excessive speculations were found in his report. This research paper aims at investigating the aforementioned hypothesis.
Background: Diarrhoeal disease is the second most common cause of death in children under 5 years of age in Kenya. Treatment with Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), elemental zinc and continued feeding (as recommended by the World Health Organisation) led to a significant reduction in mortality in the 1970s and 1980s, which has slowed since then. Adjunctive treatments have however, not gained much popularity either due to modest improvements in morbidity and mortality or unacceptable adverse effect profiles. Racecadotril, an enkephalinase inhibitor, has been used for over 2 decades in parts of Europe but is only recently gaining recognition in other parts of the world. No trials have been done testing its efficacy compared with the standard treatment recommended by the WHO (i.e. the combination of ORS and Zinc). This study aimed to measure the efficacy of racecadotril in the treatment of acute severe gastroenteritis disease in children admitted to hospital and on zinc. Objectives: The primary objective was to compare the number of stools in the first 48 hours in children admitted with severe acute gastroenteritis treated with either Racecadotril or placebo. The secondary objectives were: to study the impact of Racecadotril on duration of inpatient stay as well as duration of illness in children admitted with severe acute gastroenteritis, and to describe the side effect profile of Racecadotril. Methods: This was a parallel randomised double blinded placebo controlled trial. It enrolled children between the age of 3 and 60 months of age who were admitted to hospital with severe acute gastroenteritis as evidenced by a Vesikari score of greater than 11. Children who fulfilled the criteria for inclusion were enrolled after informed consent had been obtained from their parents/guardians. They were then randomised to receive either racecadotril or placebo in addition to the standard treatment prescribed by the admitting physicians. These children were followed up daily for: the number of stools for the first 48hrs, duration of admission, duration of illness and any adverse effects noted by the accompanying parents/guardians. The results were analysed by comparing the median number of stools using the Mann Whitney test. Results: 156 children were screened, from which 120 were enrolled for the study and a final number of 58 in the placebo group and 57 in the drug group were analysed by intention to treat. There were no differences between the two groups when the numbers of stools at 48hours after introduction of