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Single or Combined Effect of Zinc and Probiotics on Gut Morphology, Muscle and Hematological Parameters of Healthy and Heat Stressed Broiler Chicken

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Shah, Muqader

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Anatomy

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10989/1/Muqader%20Shah_Anatomy%20%26%20Histology_2018_UVAS_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727175088

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Heat stress is a major problem of the tropical countries including Pakistan. It has negative impact on poultry production and causes high economic losses. It has negative impact on growth performance, gastrointestinal morphology, meat quality and alters serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Zinc and probiotics have a role in amelioration of negative effects of stress. The current study aimed to determine the effect of zinc and probiotics either individually or in combination on the growth performance, gut histomorphology, meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in normal and heat-stressed broiler chicken. The study comprised of two trials and the trials were performed at broiler experimental house (Ravi campus), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. Experiment I was performed on day-old 192 broiler chicks for six weeks (42 days) under normal environmental conditions. The chicks were divided into six treatment groups including Control (basal diet), Zn30 (Basal diet+30mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed), Zn60 (Basal diet+60mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg diet), Pro (Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet),Com30 (Basal diet+30mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed+Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet) and Com60 (Basal diet+60mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed+Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet). Each treatment comprised of four replicates (8 birds per replicate).Two types of feed were adopted i.e. starter (0-21 days) and grower (22-42 days). At day 42 two birds from each replicate (8 birds/ group) were slaughtered and the parameters for growth performance (body weight, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio), intestine (villus height, Crypt depth, villus height: crypt depth ratio, villus surface area, goblet cell count and intraepithelial count in duodenum, jejunum and ileum), ceacal tonsil (length, width, area of lymphatic nodule), bursa of Fabricius (length, width, area of lymphoid follicle), meat quality (pHi, pHu, drip loss, muscle fiber diameter and cross sectional area, muscle fascicle diameter andits cross sectional area) were measured. The result showed that zinc supplementation improved the performance parameters including body weight and feed intake. It also increased villus height in duodenum, goblet cell count and intraepithelial count in ileum. The drip loss decreased and muscle fiber diameter, muscle fascicle diameter increased in zinc supplemented groups. Zinc supplementation also elevated the serum cholesterol and zinc levels. The probiotic supplementation either individually or in combination with zinc improved weight gain, feed efficiency, increased villus height: crypt depth ratio in duodenum, goblet cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte count in ileum when compared to control group. The probiotics singly or in combination with zinc improved meat quality through increase in ultimate pH, muscle fiber and muscle fascicle diameter and decrease in drip loss. The serum cholesterol decreased with probiotic supplementation. Experiment II was carried on 280 day-old chicks that were randomly divided in seven treatment groups i.e. Control (basal diet), HS (basal diet), HS-Zn30 (Basal diet+30mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed), HS-Zn60 (Basal diet+60mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg diet), HS-Pro (Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet), HS-Com30 (Basal diet+30mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed+Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet) and HS-Com60 (Basal diet+60mg ZnSO4.H2O/kg feed+Protexin® 0.1g/kg diet). Each group was comprised of five replicates (8 birds/group). The control group was kept under normal environmental temperature. Rest of the groups were exposed to cyclic heat stress from 22nd day onwards. The heat-stressed birds were kept at high ambient temperature (35±1˚C) and relative humidity (75±5%) for 8 hours (9:00am to 5:00 pm) followed by normal environmental temperature (26˚C) and relative humidity (65±5 %). The experiment duration and diet protocol was same as adopted in experiment I. On day 42, two birds from each replicate (10 birds/ group) were slaughtered. The parameters measured were same as in experiment I. The results presented that heat stress adversely influenced the performance parameters (feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio), intestinal parameters (villus height, villus height: crypt depth ratio, villus surface area, goblet cell and intraepithelial count), meat quality (pHi, pHu, muscle fiber diameters and cross sectional area) and serum biochemical parameters (cortisol, cholesterol and zinc). The dietary addition of zinc and probiotic alone or in combination improved the relative weight of spleen, pancreas, and bursa of Fabricius. The area of lymphatic nodule and lymphoid follicles was higher with combined supplementation of zinc and Probiotic. Single or combined supplementation of zinc and probiotic increased villus surface area, total goblet cell count in all segments of intestine and intraepithelial lymphocytes in jejunum and ileum. The results of the present experiment revealed that single or combined dietary supplementation of zinc and probiotic have positive impact on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chicken reared under cyclic heat stress.
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مرشد دا پیار

مُرشد دا پیار
(آنحضور قبلہ صوفی محمد اصغر سائیں آف جہلم والوں کی یاد میں جب آپ نے ہیڈ جالوالہ پر مور پالے ہوئے تھے )

موراں والیا سائیاں وے
تیتھوں جند کراں قربان
ہر دم تیریاں لوڑاں وے
توں ایں میرا مان تران

تیرے باہجھوں چین نہ آئوندا
ہر ویلے پیا دل گھبرائوندا
ویکھ لواں جے تینوں آئوندا
آوے میرے جثے جان

تیریاں راہواں پئی تکاواں
یاد کراں تے دل بہلاواں
بھلدیاں نہیں سجناں اوہ تھانواں
جتھے دلبر ملدے ہان

جس دم یار نے جھاتی پائی
میل دلے وچ رہی ناں کائی
بھاندے دل نوں بُوٹے کائی
جتھے وسدا بھٹی خان

تیرے موراں چال نیاری
ویکھو چلدے بنھ قطاری
جاندے نیں دل میرا ٹھاری
نالے دل میرا پرچان

موراں نوں میں چوگاں پاواں
نالے کر دی رہواں دعاواں
قادریؔ دی کرو معاف خطاواں
لکھ واری جاواں قربان

Right of Progeny and Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam

The first main objective of Maqasid I Shari`ah is the completion of human’s necessity; in which protection of progeny (nasl) is the foremost purpose. The preservation of lineage is greatly emphasized by the Islamic Shariah and the Cairo declaration of human rights in Islam also supported the protection of lineage in Islam. All the articles of CDHRI covered the five basic human rights mentioned in Maqasid I Shariah. The research is focused on delineating the concept of protection of lineage as one of the main objective of Shariah and it is supported by evidences from Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam along with Quranic verses and traditions of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). The aspects covered in the paper range from discussion of right of progeny as well as equal rights of progeny for male and female; rights of children with the hierarchy of their rights from the stage of fetus, having proper nursing, caring, education and a healthy beginning of life. The comparative analysis based on arguments of Shariah and the CDHRI proves that it is the basic objective of Shariah to protect all fundamental rights and right of progeny has the foremost significance in it.

Effectiveness of Inquiry Approach for Addressing the Misconceptions of Students in Mathematics at Secondary Level

The present study was an attempt to find out the effectiveness of inquiry approach for addressing the misconceptions of students in Mathematics at secondary level. It is a well-known fact that students enter in classroom with a lot of misconceptions in Mathematics, which are based on their beliefs and observations. The main objectives of this research study were to identify the students’ misconceptions in Mathematics at secondary level, to find out the causes of students’ misconceptions in Mathematics at secondary level, to compare the level of misconceptions in boys and girls at secondary level, to apply the conceptual change instructional strategy based on inquiry approach in class room and to find out the effectiveness of inquiry approach as conceptual change instructional strategy for addressing the students’ misconceptions in Mathematics. The nature of the research study was experimental and pre-test, post-test control group design was used. The population of the study was all the secondary school students of District Attock. The two schools were purposively selected for study. 160 science students (80male and 80 female) of 9th Grade from each school were constituted as a random sample of the study. Students of each school were divided into two equivalent groups of male and female students i.e. control and experimental group on the basis of Pre-test achievements. Achievement test was used to explore misconceptions of the students after validation of the instrument. The Mathematics teachers with equal qualification and experience were trained for the said purpose. In each gender group one teacher taught control group and one teacher taught to experimental group. In control group traditional method was used and experimental group was taught by inquiry based approach. To find out the causes of misconceptions questionnaire was used. Post-test was administered after treatment to assess the difference in performance of all groups. After administration of three weeks of post-test, retention-test was also conducted. The data obtained was tabulated as well as analyzed to compute mean, standard deviation, chi-square and t-value. From results of the data, conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made accordingly. The results depict that inquiry based method found to be better than of traditional method. This result is in the line with Abdi (2014) and the level of misconceptions of female students was found higher than of male students. It was recommended that there may be separate and well equipped classroom for Mathematics teaching in the schools like Physics, Chemistry and Biology to develop the interest of students in Mathematics. Sufficient time may be reserved in time table for the subject of Mathematics, as mathematics is time needed subjects.