Participatory Based Transactions in Sharī‘ah (Islamic Commercial Law) and Their Role in the Development of Rural Local Agricultural Sector in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Local farming is, indeed, the most important sector of agriculture through which farmers grow food. However, owing to their weak financial conditions, they are not able to get maximum benefits from their labours for most of the times. The case of Pakistani farmers, particularly in rural areas of KP (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), is not different in this connection. They frequently resort to formal and informal sources of financing to accomplish their basic agricultural requirements: both crops and non-crops inclusive. However, all these sources advance financing facility on interest basis. Being typical Muslims, such agricultural credit is, therefore, avoided by these farmers and, as a result, they always endure on their financial grounds. In such situations, some substitute arrangements are recommended to reciprocate with their problems. This alternative is offered by Sharī‘ah through various commercial transactions – among which participatory based transaction i.e. Mushārakah is the most suitable and important one. In the present work, various models are proposed on the basis of such transaction to fulfill various agricultural requirements of farmers, living in rural areas of KP.  In addition, such models are structured in the light of basic theory, available in the classical literature of Islamic law, in order to make them more Sharī‘ah based rather Sharī‘ah compliant. The proposed models are then, at the second stage, tested at ground level to strengthen further their viability for all stake holders. Findings show that all agricultural requirements, particularly heavy machinery and transport, can be realized through such models provided if they are applied in their true spirit. Moreover, content analysis and focused group technique of qualitative research have been used, as a research methodology, for the investigation of the issue in the present work.

Migrating Sql-Based Database to Nosql Database-Framework and Validation

The data volume moved from terabyte to petabyte and is increasing exponentially day by day. Data exists in variety of forms i.e. structured, unstructured and semi-structured. In this new era, computing technology evolves rapidly and consequently generates huge data especially in education sector. University is the key element, where knowledge generates. Students use this information for further research and development in their respective domain of interest. Under these circumstances, it is not easy to control this ocean of data by traditional data stores which are SQL based. These conventional databases have predefined schemas which remain static. These schemas cannot be altered to accommodate any change in the business and thus are unable to handle heterogeneous data. In order to handle this situation, the current research focuses to migrate data from traditional SQL dbs to NoSQL dbs by following a given methodology. A case study of migrating user registration module from relational to non-relational dbs will be given in this research work.Data Conversion and Migration in educational organizations is a new issue for study especially in our region.The researched work is applicable in the domain of application where educational institutions want to move from their legacy systems to the new ones using NoSQL database. The performance of relational dbs and non-relational dbs will be compared at the end of this thesis. Which will reveal the power of NoSQL databases in handling the data where it is hybrid in nature and huge in volume and is available at any time. A discussion of the future scope and work to be done will also be included at the end of the thesis.