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Some Contributions to Cubic Sets and Their Applications

Thesis Info

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Author

Fahmi, Aliya

Program

PhD

Institute

Hazara University

City

Mansehra

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Mathemaics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12455/1/aliya%20fahmi%20maths%202019%20hazara%20uni%20prr..pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727196038

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Multiple decision-making models are undertaking the complexity of the organizations with measurable mathematical models may be very hard, particularly when there is an absence of numerical data. The idea of fuzzy set was presented by Zadeh (Zadeh, 1975). Fuzzy set theory has been applied in many fields such as, homoeopathic judgment, computer science, fuzzy algebra and decision-making problems. In real life, there are a measure of decision problems in which rank relations occur between different criteria, for example, when we buy an air ticket for traveling by considering the criteria such as "safety", "price" and "quality of service". Obviously, "safety" is with the highest priority compared with the others. Therefor in Atanassov (Atanassov, 1986) introduction the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and considered the degree of membership as well as the degree of non-membership function. The situation of manufacture with indecision in real world problems has been a tough research that has produced unlike administrations and theories. Fuzzy decision making by their extensions have providing an extensive variety of tools that are bright to contract with indecision in dissimilar types of problems. Fuzzy decision-making methods have become slowly popular in decision making for personnel selection. According to Liang et al. (Liang, 2017), inadequate opinions are then finished with data vaccinated from reliable experts. In adding with respect to Liang et al. (Liang, 2017), such thoughts are more adapted by simulating their evolution due to social influence. It is also demonstrated that, under certain assumptions, the development of feelings due to effect joins to a final collective opinion. Cubic sets were introduced by Jun et al. (Jun, 2012), are the generalizations of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, in which there are two representations, one is used for the degree of membership and other is used for the non-membership. The membership function is hold in the form of interval while non-membership over the normal fuzzy set. This thesis consists of ten chapters. In chapter one, we present some basic definitions and results which are directly used in our work. Here we discussed Fuzzy set, interval-valued fuzzy set, Intuitionistic fuzzy set, triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number, trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy number, intuitionistic linguistic fuzzy set, hesitant fuzzy set and cubic set. In chapter 2, we present a new idea of cubic TOPSIS method with complete explanation providing in the form of different examples. We existing a new idea of cubic grey analysis set and proposed CF-MAGDM Model. In chapter 3, we introduce some basic concepts and operation laws related to triangular cubic fuzzy numbers and crisp weighted possibility means are defined. We developed weighted average operator of TCFNs and hamming distance of the TCFN are defined. We develop an MCDM method approach based on an extended VIKOR method using TCFNS; MCDM method using TCFN’s are developed. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed approach. We discuss in comparison analyses. In chapter 4, we define some new concepts comprising the definition, operations, crisp weighted possibility means and hamming distance of the trapezoidal cubic fuzzy numbers (TrCFNs). In Section 4, we develop a MAGDM approach based on an extended VIKOR method using trapezoidal cubic fuzzy numbers (TrCFNs). We discuss implementation of the solution methodology to solve the PLS problem. A discussion of the obtained results and sensitivity analysis are also included in this section. In chapter 5, we present some Einstein operations on cubic fuzzy sets (CFSs) and analysis some desirable properties of the proposed operations. We first develop some novel arithmetic averaging operators, such as the cubic fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging (CFEWA) operator, cubic fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging (CFEOWA) operator and cubic fuzzy Einstein hybrid weighted averaging (CFEHWA) operator, for aggregating a collection of cubic fuzzy numbers (CFNs). We apply the CFEHWA operator to multiple attribute decision making (MADM) with cubic fuzzy material. Gives a numerical example according to our approach. In chapter 6, we discuss the trapezoidal cubic fuzzy number (TrCFN) and operational laws. We present some Einstein operations on trapezoidal cubic fuzzy sets (TrCFSs) and analysis some desirable properties of the proposed operations. We first develop some novel arithmetic averaging operators, such as the trapezoidal cubic fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging (TrCFEWA) operator, trapezoidal cubic fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging (TrCFEOWA) operator and trapezoidal cubic fuzzy Einstein hybrid weighted averaging (TrCFEHWA) operator, for aggregating a collection of trapezoidal cubic fuzzy numbers (TrCFNs). We apply the TrCFEHWA operator to multiple attribute decision making (MADM) with trapezoidal cubic fuzzy material. Gives a numerical example according to our approach. We discuss comparison analysis. In chapter 7, we present the definition and operational laws of CFLSs. The score function, accuracy function, and certainty function for CFLV are also defined and thereby a lexicographer method is established to rank the CFLVs. Three kinds of cubic fuzzy linguistic arithmetic aggregation operators are defined and their required properties are deliberated in detail. Two decision methods for MAGDM problems with CFLVs are proposed. An example of investment choice and comparison analysis is given. In chapter 8, we exhibit of triangular cubic linguistic hesitant fuzzy sets and triangular cubic linguistic hesitant fuzzy elements. We exhibit a series of aggregation operators for triangular cubic linguistic hesitant fuzzy information and watch the associations among these aggregation operators. We develop an approach to group decision makings with triangular cubic linguistic hesitant fuzzy data. The application of the developed approach in group decision-making problems is shown by an illustrative example. Results and discussion are defined. In chapter 9, we exhibit a series of aggregation operators for triangular cubic linguistic hesitant fuzzy information and watch the associations among these aggregation operators. Develops an approach to group decision makings with triangular cubic linguistic hesitant fuzzy data. The application of the developed approach in group decisionmaking problems is shown by an illustrative example. We propose the comparison method. In chapter 10, we develop trapezoidal cubic hesitant fuzzy number and operational laws. We propose trapezoidal cubic hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS method. A numerical example of the proposed model is presented. We discuss comparison to different method.
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تاہنگاں

تاہنگاں
دن سارا تاہنگاں وچ لنگھدا اے یار وے
موڑ لَے مہاراں ، آ کے مل دلدار وے

دیوے نہ دلاسا کوئی کردے بکھیڑے نیں
ہس کے تے لنگھ جاندے دردی وی جیہڑے نیں
دسدا نہ کوئی رانجھا ایتھے سارے کھیڑے نیں
سجناں دے باہجھوں کوئی لیندا نہیوں سار وے
دن سارا تاہنگاں وچ لنگدا اے یار وے

دکھاں دی ہنیری میرے سر چڑھ آئی اے
ہویا اے ہنیرا چیز دِسدی نہ کائی اے
یاداں دا چراغ بال رات میں لنگھائی اے
سوہنیا توں آویں گا تے آوے گی بہار وے
دن سارا تاہنگاں وچ لنگدا اے یار وے

کیتا اقرار سی میں توڑ نبھاواں گی
اوکھے سوکھے ویلے وی میں ناں گھبراواں گی
سرکار دیاں چرناں چ موج مناواں گی
بھاویں گھیر لین مینوں دکھڑے ہزار وے
دن سارا تاہنگاں وچ لنگدا اے یار وے

اک دن ماہی ساڈے شہر وچ آوے گا
لکھاں بے نصیباں دے اوہ بھاگ وی جگاوے گا
جنھاں اُتے رب سوہنا کرم کماوے گا
اوہو اَج رج رج کرن گے دیدار وے
دن سارا تاہنگاں وچ لنگدا اے یار وے

قادریؔ نوں ایتھے نہیوں تھوڑ کسے گل دی
سجناں دے ولوں ٹھنڈی وا رہوے چلدی
ہجر دی اگ رہوے سینے وچ بلدی
عشق نال گرم رہوے دل دا بازار وے
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تعلیم وتربیت اور معلم کا مقام و مرتبہ

Nations are identified, through their characteristics, behavior, conduct, power of thinking, determination, respect for humanity and adventures. Only material things do not guarantee the progress and development, until the individual of those nations have a proper line of action with sincerity, justice, high ethics and enlightment. If these just and sincere qualities are not in any nation, that nation cannot progress well. Today, as a nation there are serious threats to our culture and social edifice. And our frozen practice and progress can only be melted and activated by teachers. And no doubt, the life of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) is a source of great guidance for a teacher, because Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) is the greatest teacher of humanity throughout the history and a teacher following the foot prints of teachings of Prophet ((P.B.U.H)) can lead any nation towards the apex of prosperity, progress and development. The life of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) vividly reflects that a teacher should be a model towards society and nation. His vision, his practices and his teachings should accord one another. It is an established fact that teacher is a leader to any nation.

Properties of High Performance Concrete With Supplementary Cementitious Materials

The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of high performance concretes (HPC) containing supplementary cementitious materials in both binary and ternary systems. Concretes were prepared to have a slump between 60-90 mm at a constant water-binder ratio of 0.30. The test variables included the type and the amount of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as silica fume (SF), class F fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). Portland cement was replaced with FA up to 40%, silica fume up to 15% and GGBS up to a level of 70%. The physical properties were assessed from the compressive strength and transport properties (air permeability and sorptivity), whilst the durability characteristics were investigated in terms of carbonation, chloride diffusion, chloride migration, electrical resistivity and salt- scaling resistance. The hydration properties of cement pastes containing SCMs have also been investigated in order to understand the behaviour of HPC. For the hydration properties, cement pastes were prepared in two series (A and B). Mixes of series A had a fixed water-binder ratio of 0.30 with superplasticiser, whereas the water-binder ratios of mixes in series B were equivalent to the standard consistencies. The results confirmed that silica fume performed better than other SCMs for the strength development and bulk resistivity. In terms of the resistivity of concrete, the best performance was obtained for 15% SF concrete. When 7.5% SF was used in 40% FA and 50% GGBS concrete, the resistivity was less than that of the 15% SF concrete. However, in both cases, this was greater than the control concrete. The ternary mixes containing GGBS/FA and SF performed the best amongst all the mixes to resist the chloride diffusion. The mix containing FA showed favourable permeation results. All the ternary combinations can be considered to have resulted in high performance concretes with excellent durability properties. The maximum carbonation depth observed for concrete containing 40% FA and 7.5% SF was about 5 mm, which is less than the cover of reinforcing steel bars to cause corrosion. The non-steady state migration coefficients of concretes containing different types of ivSCMs were significantly lower than that of the control concrete. The coefficient was minimum for concrete containing 15% SF. The scaled mass for 40% FA concrete was the maximum among all the mixes. For concrete containing GGBS, there was no significant change in the scaled mass, when compared to the control concrete. However, the use of 15% SF was found to reduce the scaled mass. The use of 7.5% SF in 40% FA and 50% GGBS concrete was found to reduce the scaled mass. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that with the addition of high volumes of FA, GGBS and SF the peak intensity of Ca(OH) 2 was retarded and quartz peaks appeared in paste containing FA denoting a certain amount of crystalline silica in FA. This was more pronounced at later age. The combination of 40% FA and 7.5% SF showed the highest consumption of Ca(OH) 2 . Thermo-gravimetry (TG) data confirms that the addition of SCMs in cement resulted in the formation of decreased amount of Ca(OH) 2 in the hydration products considerably at later age when compared to the early age. Although the addition of high volumes of SCMs decreased the compressive strength of cement pastes particularly at the early age, the use of 15% SF improved the strength. However, from the cost point of view, t is suggested that a combination of 40% FA and 7.5% SF or 50% GGBS and 7.5% SF can be beneficially used to improve the hydration properties and compressive strength of cement paste.