Gwadar on the Chess Board of History: An Overview

Until recently, Gwadar has always been mentioned as a small insignificant fishing town. Very little was known about its history and potential to the outside world. However, at the turn of the 21st century Gwadar became the focus of attention globally. The development of a deep seaport with China’s assistance and prospects of connecting China and Central Asia through Pakistan to the North Arabian Sea has brought this small, insignificant fishing town to international recognition. But history reveals that this region has always played a vital role since primeval times due to its geostrategic and geographical location. From Alexander’s retreat to Pakistan’s reclaiming Gwadar, it has always reminded its significance at different times in diverse manners. This paper aims to bring into light the historical journey of Gwadar, which usually remained unknown or were either considered trivial by historians. Gwadar became an important chapter in the Belt and Road initiative proposed by the Chinese president. It will link China, South Asia, Middle East, Central Asia, Africa and Europe through a network of land and sea routes and ports will contribute significantly to the progress and prosperity of Gwadar in Pakistan, China and the entire region.

Impact of Organizational Learning Process on Organizational Effectiveness: the Moderated Mediation Analysis Need for Ol in Cellular Firms

Since competition in telecom sector of Pakistan is at its peak and it has become hard to achieve effectiveness trough traditional means. Therefore it is very crucial to study the value addition means such as learning to gain effectiveness in organization. This study intends to answer how organizational learning process impacts on organization effectiveness under moderated mediation of organizational innovation and work attitude in cellular companies of Pakistan. Moreover, the operationalization of organizational learning process pertains gap. This research work has enhanced the operationalization of latent constructs by the incorporation of cognitive and behavioral aspect to address the literature gap. Questionnaire survey method has been used to gather the information from targeted sample frame of population of five cellular companies of Pakistan. In order to test the proposed hypothesis empirically, regression analysis has been applied using moderated mediation analysis of Andre Hayes (2014) and Structural Equation Modeling has been applied to testify the overall fitness of model. The results revealed that the organizational learning process have significant indirect effect (through the mediation effect of organizational innovation) on organization effectiveness, positively moderated by work attitude. Hence, learning can be considered as a crucial antecedent factor for the attainment of organization effectiveness therefore, there is a dire need for organizations to enhance organizational learning process so that innovation can be promoted which will further lead organization in fostering organization effectiveness. Cellular companies of Pakistan shall develop strategies in a way that it promotes culture of learning in their organizations. Moreover, it is recommended for future researchers to enhance the study by exploring learning’s relationships among service quality, service innovation success and overall business model in their local context especially in under developed regions of the globe.