ماحولیاتی آلودگی اور اس کا سدباب: سیرت نبویﷺکی روشنی میں ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Today, the whole world is facing the dangerious issues of environmental pollution. There is a lot of piles of garbage, plastic bags and waste are found in common routes and streets, the use of bacterial and antiseptic chemicals, smoking as well as the excessives use of machinery causes the abundance of smoke and due to the noise of vehicles, rugs, motorcycles, factories and airplanes, our daily pollution is increasing daily. As a result, many problems including various types of illness and seasonal variations are becoming a major challenge for today's modern era. In order to deal with it, it is important for us to study and follow the instructions of the Prophet (PBUH). Prophet (PBUH) has taken important measures to protect environmental pollution. He has prescribed some precautionary measures to prevent the spreading of dirt in society and keeping the environment clean to avert the soil pollution. For the purpose of aviation of air pollution, the prophet has ordered to populate it with the livestock andplantation. To cope with water pollution, it was emphasized to keep water clean and cleaness of air from odor and dirt. In this modern era, prevention of environmental pollution without following these instructions is impossible. This article has invesitaged on prevention of enviromental pollution and cleanliness of enviroment in the light of Sīrah.

Development of Chlorine Free Novel Bleaching Process for Wheat Straw Pulp to Reduce the Toxicity Level of Effluents

Wheat straw is a non-wood agricultural residue which serves as an excellent fibrous source for pulp and paper industry. In the present work, TCF bleaching sequences were developed for indigenous variety of AS/AQ wheat straw pulp. Different chemicals such as acid, oxygen, oxone, dithionite, alkali and hydrogen peroxide were optimized in different stages and sequences at varying doses of bleaching agents and reaction conditions. Multistage TCF bleach sequences i.e., AOOxPP*, AOOxEP, AOOxYP, AO′Ox′P′ are resulted from various optimization trials during the study. It was very promising to find out that cellulose remained protected whereas most of the residual lignin was removed during the process. Most of the hemicelluloses were washed away during bleaching. However, it is quite evident from the pulps’ sugar analysis that only a small fraction of hemicelluloses remained intact in the bleached pulp which is important in fiber preparation and its bonding during papermaking process. Similarly, hexenuronic acid was also removed during successive stages of bleaching that may be the causes of reduction in fiber strength, brightness and brightness stability. The results also revealed that the developed bleaching sequences are effective and selective to fully bleach the pulp with brightness gain greater than 80% ISO without deteriorating its fibre characteristics such as kappa number, viscosity, strength and brightness stability etc. A considerable reduction in effluent load with reduced toxicity and zero AOX level shows the advantage of process over chlorinated bleaching processes. Thus the study provides enough evidence to fill the gap between producing quality products and requirements for a healthy environment using TCF bleaching sequences.