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Species Diversity of Basidiomycetes of District Malakand

Thesis Info

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Author

Hussain, Shah

Program

PhD

Institute

Hazara University

City

Mansehra

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Botany

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7580/1/Shah%20Hussain%20PhD%20thesis.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727221330

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This dissertation communicates the results of a scientific endeavor undertaken for exploring the diversity of Basidiomycetous fungi of District Malakand, Pakistan. The District Malakand is an administrative unit of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, occupies 952 Km2 land within the geographical limits of 34⁰ 35’ to 34⁰ 66’ N and 71⁰ 65’ to 72⁰ 25’ E. Collections of mushrooms, rust and smut fungi were made from different area of Malakand District during the years 2013 and 2014. Field data of the specimens were recorded on the spot, proper photographs were taken and the collection was dried and preserved accordingly. More than 150 specimens of Basidiomycota were collected, comprising of 51 taxa belonging to 17 families. Distribution pattern of the groups shows that Agaricomycotina, the mushroom forming fungi, was the largest group represented by 39 species, Pucciniomycotina, the pathogenic rust fungi by 11 species and the smut fungi, Ustilaginomycotina, with a single species viz., Urocystis avenastri. All these fungi were characterized morpho-anatomically. The members of Agaricomycotina were also subjected to molecular identification, based on four gene regions viz., ITS, nrLSU, rpb2, tef-1α. Phylogenies of the analyzed taxa were elaborated with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis. Our research outputs includes one new species to science viz., Tulotoma ahmadii. Ten more taxa viz., Agaricus malakandensis nom. prov., A. minorus nom. prov., Cantharocybe pakistanicus nom. prov., Coprinopsis hispidus nom. prov., Hymenagaricus pakistaniensis nom. prov., Leucoagaricus badius nom. prov., La. xiii sultanii nom. prov., Parasola lentiformis nom. prov., Pa. malakandensis nom. prov. and Psathyrella fusiformis nom. prov., are in the process of recognition / publication as new species. Furthermore, other 12 species viz., Agrocybe semiorbicularis, Conocybe papillata, Coprinellus curtus, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Pleurotus cystidiosus, Parasola lilatincta, Pa. schroeterii, Stropharia ambigua, Puccinia microspora, P. nakanishikii, Termitomyces umkowaan and Trametes lactinea are added as new records to the species list of the fungi of Pakistan. In Agaricomycotina, Agaricaceae proved to be the most frequent family represented by six genera (Agaricus, Hymenagaricus, Leucoagaricus, Leucocoprinus, Lycoperdon and Tulostoma). The second largest family was Psathyrellaceae with four genera viz., Coprinellus, Coprinopsis, Parasola and Psathyrella. Only two genera were recorded for each the family i.e., Omphalotaceae, Polyporaceae and Strophariaceae. Whereas families like Bolbitaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Hymenocheataceae, Geastraceae, Lyophyllaceae, Miripelaceae, Mirulaceae, Pleurotaceae and Pluteaceae were represented by a single genus each i.e., Conocybe, Cantharocybe, Phillanus, Geastrum, Termitomyces, Rigidoporus, Irpex, Pleurotus and Volvariella, respectively. Pucciniomycotina was represented by two families, Phragmidiaceae (Phragmidium) and Puccineaceae represented by (Puccinia, Uromyces). The Ustiloginomycotina was monotypic only represented by Urocystis avenastri. This study concluded that low altitude mountains, foothills and grassy lands of Malakand are rich in fungi species and needs exploration of other groups also. These findings have not only upgraded the existing knowledge of basidiomycetes Mycota from District Malakand but also established a sound baseline for future research and exploitation of fungi in Pakistan.
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ناشرِ شانِ نبیؐ (نظم)

ناشرِ شانِ نبیؐ
جو ہمارے دل کو خوب اچھی طرح سے یاد ہیں ، ڈاکٹر شہزاد ہیں
جن کو حاصل نعت شہ میں قیمتی اسناد ہیں ، ڈاکٹر شہزاد ہیں

کام ان کا رات دن ترویجِ فکر نعت ہے ، خوب ان کی بات ہے
ناشرِ شانِ نبیؐ جو ماحیٔ الحاد ہیں ، ڈاکٹر شہزاد ہیں

قدر کرتا ہے زمانہ مانتے ہیںسب انھیں، سب کو ہی اچھے لگیں
فضل حق سے جو یکے از صاحبانِ داد ہیں ، ڈاکٹر شہزاد ہیں

جی نہیںلگتا فضائے غیر میںان کا کہیں، جس قدر ہو دل نشیں
نعت کی دنیا میں جو ہر آن خوش ہیں ، ڈاکٹر شہزاد ہیں

حمد و نعت و منقبت پر ان کی ہے گہری نظر ، ہر حوالہ معتبر
اک مفید انسان ہیں جو بہتریں اُستاد ہیں ، ڈاکٹر شہزاد ہیں

زینت علم و ادب ہیں حسنِ بزم از کیا، باوفا و بے ریا
حب آقاؐ میں جو فکر دہر سے آزاد ہیں ، ڈاکٹر شہزاد ہیں

معترف عارفؔ ہے ان کی ذات با کردار کا ، ہستی شہ کار کا
ہیں کراچی میں مگر طیبہ میں جو آباد ہیں ، ڈاکٹر شہزاد ہیں
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