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Stability Analysis of the Financial Systems of Pakistan and India

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad, Izhar

Program

PhD

Institute

Capital University of Science & Technology

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Backtesting

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10520/1/Izhar%20Muhammad_Mngt%20Sci%20%28Fin%29_2018_CUST_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727229551

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The objectives of this study are to assess the state of stability of the Banking systems of Pakistan and India and then to estimate how good, bad and worst economic conditions would in uence its state of stability. Our design of study is a mix of the techniques used by independent analysts andnancial system regulators. The model used in stress testing and scenario analysis are employed but in simpli ed form. Pakistan and India have not experiencednancial crisis due to some shock/contagion,therefore stress events and its impact on macroeconomic indicators are not included in the design. Determinants of asset quality of commercial banks are determined and its in uence on Nonperforming Loans (NPL) ratio explored empirically. A bank is termed unstable if its estimated Nonperforming Loans/advance ratio surpasses its equity/advance ratio during a year in a scenario. Scenarios of good, bad and worst economic conditions are developed for stress testing on the basis of extreme values of macroeconomic variables during sample period. Stability of whole banking system during a year in a scenario condition is evaluated on the basis of assets controlled by banks estimated unstable. First we take stock of banking system of Pakistan. During 1998-2001, in normal, bad and worst economic conditions, banks assessed signi cantly unstable are in control of maximum 35%, 50% and 62% assets respectively of the whole banking system. During 2002 and onward banks assessed signi cantly unstable are in control of maximum 6% assets of the whole banking system in normal, bad and even worst economic conditions. Thus it can be concluded that Pakistani banking system is stable since 2002 and can withstand bad and even worst economic conditions. As far as Indian banking system is concerned, Citibank (foreign bank) is the only bank appraised stable after 2006 and also adjudged able to withstand even the worst economic conditions. Almost all public sector banks reviewed are assessed unstable during 1999-2005. They exhibited signs of recovery during 2006- 2011 but adjudged markedly unstable during 2012-14. During 2014, twelve (out of total thirteen) public sector banks are evaluated signi cantly unstable in bad economic conditions. The three private sector banks i.e. Axis, HDFC and ICICI are evaluated to have performed satisfactorily specially during the last four yearsof the period under review. The instability of the Indian banking system in 2014 is more noteworthy when six banks possessing 30% assets of the banking system are appraised unstable by signi cant margin. The number of banks adjudged signi - cantly unstable is (maximum) two during 1999-2013 but abruptly increases to six in 2014. Results of the stress testing of the banking system of India under various scenarios denote that Indian banking system lacks the potential to withstand any macroeconomic shocks. In any signi cant adverse macroeconomic conditions, the system is expected to collapse.
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۷۔ لا تفسد فی الارض

لا تفسدو فی الارض

گاڑی کے سائیلنسر سے کرپشن کا دھواں نکلتا ہے

ٹائروں سے چمٹی بے ایمانی کی دھول اڑتی ہے

 گاڑی ٹھہرتی ہے

سیاہ شیشوں میں آنکھیں چھپائے

چہرے پر رعونت کے ماسک لگائے

سر پہ شرافت کی دستار سجائے

نفاق کی تسبیح پر سنگ دلی کے دانے پھینکتے

شیطان باہر آتے ہیں

مسجدوں میں تقویٰ کی نمائش ہوتی ہے

پرہیز گاری کے خول میں چھپے...

دور معلمي التربية الإسلامية في تعزيز قيمة العفة لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية من وجهة نظر المشرفين التربويين بمكة المكرمة

هدفت الدراسة إلى الوقوف على واقع دور معلمي التربية الإسلامية في تعزيز قيمة العفة لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية من وجهة نظر المشرفين التربويين بمكة المكرمة، ومعرفة التحديات التي تواجههم، والوصول إلى حلول مقترحة في ذلك، واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي، واستخدمت الاستبانة أداة للدراسة لجمع البيانات والمعلومات من عينة الدراسة، والتي تكونت من خمسة وثلاثين مشرفًا للتربية الإسلامية وهم كامل مجتمع الدراسة، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج التالية: درجة موافقة عينة الدراسة على دور معلمي التربية الإسلامية في تعزيز قيمة العفة لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بشكل عام عالية جدًا، حيث كانت استجاباتهم موافقة بشدة، كما أن درجة موافقة عينة الدراسة على واقع دور معلمي التربية الإسلامية في تعزيز قيمة العفة لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية جاءت عالية جدًا، حيث كانت استجاباتهم موافقة بشدة، وكذلك درجة موافقة عينة الدراسة على الصعوبات التي تواجه معلمي التربية الإسلامية في تعزيز قيمة العفة لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية جاءت بدرجة عالية، حيث كانت استجاباتهم موافقة، ودرجة موافقة عينة الدراسة على الحلول المقترحة لمعلمي التربية الإسلامية في تعزيز قيمة العفة لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية جاءت عالية جدًا، حيث كانت استجاباتهم موافقة بشدة، وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05) بين وجهة نظر عينة الدراسة حول دور معلمي التربية الإسلامية في تعزيز قيمة العفة لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية تعزى لمتغير (المؤهل العلمي). وعلى ضوء نتائج الدراسة تم صياغة مجموعة من التوصيات منها: إقامة ورش عمل واجتماعات مع معلمي التربية الإسلامية لتعزيز قيمة العفة لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية ومعرفة الصعوبات التي تواجههم ووضع الحلول لها، وحثهم على استخدام الأساليب التربوية المناسبة.

A Mathematical Study of Nonlinear Dispersive Partial Differential Equations for Solitons

An effort has been made to find out the exact solitary wave solutions of several PDEs. These partial differential equations are globally accepted as the governing equations of the fields they are related to. Finding their new exact solutions is not only exciting mathematically. It is also a service towards a better understanding of the phenomena themselves. In recent decades, nonlinear wave phenomena and their governing equations have attracted great attention. They arise in several fields of science and engineering including hydrodynamics, condensed matter physics, Bose-Einstein-condensation, nonlinear optics, Josephson junctions, biophysics, field theory etc. To solve these partial differential equations (PDEs), some methods and tools have been developed in the past. This work is mainly concerned with a specific class of exact solutions, called the solitary wave solutions. These types of solutions are of great interest for scientists and engineers working in the fields of fiber optics and wave propagation etc. We have found new soliton solutions to some well-known nonlinear PDEs such as the , Camassa-Holm-ΚP equations, generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (ZK-BBM) equation, generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov(ZK) equation, perturbed nonlinearSchrödinger’s equation in the form ofKerr law nonlinearity(NLSE) equation (2+1)dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (KP-BBM) wave equation, (3+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, modified Kortewgde Vries-Zakharov-Kuznetsov (KdV-ZK) equation, fourth order Boussinesq equation, Landau-Ginburg-Higgs equation, Cahn-Allen equation, two-mode modified Korteweg-de Vries (TmKdV) equation and nonlinear Schrödinger equation. These new solutions are more generalized and are supposed to give better simulations of the real-world problems to which the PDEs correspond. It is also expected from our study that the computer simulators used to mimic the wave propagation can be enhanced on the basis of our exact solutions. We have used some transformations to convert the PDEs, at hand, to the corresponding ODEs. To extract solitary wave solutions to these PDEs, certain balancing principles are implemented. The shapes and behaviors of these solutions are simulated graphically with the help of the mathematical software Maple. Descriptions of the parameters and the values that have been used to simulate the waves are also provided. We have not only determined some totally novel solutions to the equations under consideration, but also, we have managed to generalize many already existing solutions.