قدیم مصری عقاید اور جانور
اس وقت مصریوں کا عقیدہ تھا کہ ابتدا سے آخر تک آسمان اور دریائے نیل ہی باقی بچ جانے والی سماوی مخلوق ہے ۔یہ تمام حیرت انگیز اجرام ِ فلکی محض اجرام نہیں بلکہ طاقتور روحوں اور ایسے دیوتائوں کی ظاہری صورتیں ہیں جن کے ارادے ہمیشہ یکساں نہیں ،یہ پیچیدہ اور مختلف تحریکوں کا حکم جاری کرتے رہتے ہیں ۔آسمان بذات خود ایک گنبد ہے جس کی وسعت کے پار عظیم گائے حت جور دیوی کھڑی ہے ۔زمین اس کے پیروں تلے تھی اور پیٹ پر دس ہزار ستاروں کا ملمع ،ایک مصری عقیدہ یہ بھی تھا کہ آسمان دیوتا سبو تھا ابیوت دیوی یعنی زمین کے اوپر دھیرے سے لیٹا ہے اور ان کی عظیم الجثہ مباشرت سے تمام چیزوں نے جنم لیا ۔
دکتور محمود نے سامری کے بچھڑے والے بت پر ہاتھ رکھ کر کہا دکتور الطاف فرعونی ادوار میں جانور دیوتا زیادہ مقبول تھے مصریوں کے عبادت خانے ،سانڈ،مگر مچھ ، باز، گائے، ہنس ، بکرے،بلی، مینڈھے ،کتے ،مرغی ،ابابیل ،گیدڑ ،سانپ کی نسلوں سے بھرے پڑے تھے ۔ میں نے کہا ہندئوں اور مصریوں کے حوالے سے عقیدۂ تقدیس قریب قریب ہے ۔اس نے کہاں ہاں بہت مشابہت ہے ۔مگر مصری فرعون کے زمانے میں جانوروں سے جنسی اختلاط کے قائل تھے اور یہ عمل صرف مردوںکے لیے روانہ تھا بلکہ خوبصورت عورتیں مقدس بکروں کے ساتھ مجامعت کی خاطر پیش کی جاتی تھیں۔ بکرا اور سانڈ تخلیقی جنسی قوت کا نمائندہ تھا ۔ہندو عورتوںکی طرح مصری عورتیں بھی ان جانوروں کے اعضا کی ننگی شبیہیں مخصوص تہواروں میں اٹھاتیں اور ان سے رغبت اور محبت کا اظہار کرتیں ۔
عجائب گھر میں ملکی اوور غیر ملکی سیاحوں کے جتھوں کے جھتے داخل ہو رہے تھے...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most powerful neuroimaging modalities due to its high spatio-temporal resolution characteristics. This known modality is applied on mapping the temporal, occipital, frontal cortices of the brain for localizing the neural activities generated due to any visual, physical or mental task or brain diseases or brain disorders. The occipital cortex is composed of middle, left, right, interior and exterior occipital gyrus and is responsible for visional function of human brain. The occipital gyrus reflects the neural image generated in the brain due to any visual activity. In this research paper, four different visual stimuli images of faces, scrambled, scenes and objects along with gap of blank space, forming a long sequence of stimuli observed by two female subjects, are experimented to examine and localize the most contrasting neural image generated in occipital gyrus of the brain. The visual fMRI brain data received from the two subjects is processed through fMRI-SPM12 toolbox based on Matlab software. In order to demonstrate the results statistically, two regressions such as T-contrast and F-contrast vectors are applied on fMRI images to highlight, and to localize the most active neural stimuli activities generated in the occipital gyrus of brain. In the results, it is demonstrated that maximum neural response can be mapped only for face stimulus in the bilateral occipital gyrus of the brain by applying T-contrast vectors regressions as when compared to other stimuli conditions and F-contrast vectors regressions. Further, it is also investigated that, the response of the face stimulus in F-contrast regressions achieved is somehow dispersed and unclear due to the large variances and interlinked communication of other stimuli or induced neural noises generated in entire volume of the brain. Further from the given images, it is also investigated that the most reflecting and contrast area for any visual stimuli (such as face stimulus in this case) is either the middle or bilateral part of occipital gyrus of the human brain as identified through application of T-contrast vectors regressions.
The central theme of this research study is related with the role of idiosyncratic risk in commodity and stock returns of Pakistan being emerging markets of the world. In the framework of asset pricing, literature suggests that idiosyncratic risk is independent to the specific assets therefore it has no role in explaining the returns. However, modern portfolio theory suggests that in under diversified portfolio, idiosyncratic risk has the positive relationship with stock returns, while the negative association of idiosyncratic risk has also been reported by different scholars. To settle this conflict through Pakistani context, the current study investigates the role of idiosyncratic risk empirically in these two financial markets. Stock market is divided into two sectors i.e. financial sector including returns of financial companies and non-financial sector comprising data of non-financial companies. The daily and monthly data are taken from January 2005 to 2016 for analysis. For commodity market of Pakistan which is totally independent from stock market, separate daily data set is taken from 2011 to 2016. As the data is of quantitative in nature therefore various statistical tools are applied for this purpose. Cross sectional regression is used for testing the association between expected conditional idiosyncratic risk and returns. Conditional idiosyncratic risk is estimated through Egarch model for both markets. The empirical results showed that conditional idiosyncratic risk and return of non-financial, financial and commodity returns has significant positive relationship after controlling the different factors such as value, momentum and size etc. whereas the lag idiosyncratic risk has no relationship with returns of stocks and commodities. The empirical evidence confirms the findings of previous studies. In the end it is suggested that investors can develop profitable portfolio after considering the idiosyncratic risk.