نہیں پچھیا حال بیماراں دا
لگ پتا گیا غم خواراں دا
ایتھے کون بہادر آگئے نیں
ہویا کھڈّا منہ تلواراں دا
مینوں ہار کدے نہیں آسکدی
ہے صدقہ پنجاں تے باراں دا
میری گل نکی جئی سن جانا
جد موڈ ہووے سرکاراں دا
مینوں آس اللہ دی رحمت تے
جیہڑا والی کل سنساراں دا
ہووے لکھ کروڑ سلام نبیؐ
جیہڑا وارث اوگنہاراں دا
جیہڑا حسب نسب وچ ارفع ہے
ہے ارفع شاہ اسواراں دا
اوہدی قبر نوں اگاں لگیاں نیں
انجام ایہو غداراں دا
جے یار دا حلیہ پچھنا ایں
جا ویکھ لے رنگ اناراں دا
روندا چھڈ کے مینوں ٹر گئے نیں
بھرواسہ کی اعتباراں دا
پئی اڈ دی دھوڑ میخانے وچ
رنگ اڈیا رند مے خواراں دا
Literally Bai't means solemn assurance to do something and absolute submission to one's commands. All the believers have declared to follow the commands of Allah Al-Mighty and act upon the guideline of His Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). In the early days of Islam, every person intending to embrace Islam use to take an oath of obedience and loyalty to the orders given by the Prophet (P.B.U.H). The person gave his hand in the hands of the Prophet (P.B.U.H). Afterwards, this sort of oath was introduced in many kinds; one of them is "Bai't Islah or Bai't Al Tuba". The Bai't is in accordance with the spirit of Islamic teachings. The scholars of Islam in majority have accepted its authenticity as discussed in the article under reference.
Computer Aided Design (CAD) is used for the manufacture and analysis of designs in industry. The transcendental planar curves such as spirals and conics are inconsistent with the Computer Aided Design system. In CAD planar curves, which provide free-form mathematical description of shapes, are approximated to parametric curves and used as the basic building block. The planar curves such as circle, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola are employed in the research work presented here for shape expression, designing of mechanical accessories (tube benders, cutters, wrenches, clamp systems, inspection gauges), designing of railway and highway routes, construction of roller coaster and outline of the fonts in Computer Aided Design system. The cubic C-Bézier curve, cubic H-Bézier curve and parametric rational cubic curve are practiced to approximate these planar curves. These curves are in control point form and satisfy the properties of famous ordinary Bézier and spline curves. We establish that these curves, which are generalization of cubic Fergusons curves, cubic Bézier curves and cubic uniform B-spline curves are more efficient and closer to the control polygon than the ordinary Bézier and spline curves. The proposed approximation schemes are designed to control the geometric features of planar curves with the geometric constraints. The control points of the cubic C-Bézier curve, cubic H-Bézier curve and parametric rational cubic curve are evaluated by geometric approximation constraints. We use a number of optimization techniques to control the error of the proposed schemes and to provide a unique approximating curve for a given planar curve. The schemes in practice at present approximate planar curves in terms of control points and weights of rational quadratic Bézier curve. The main contribution of this thesis is that the proposed geometric approximation schemes are based on end tangents and curvatures of planar curves. Therefore, these approximation schemes do not need the rational quadratic Bézier representation of planar curves. Numerical experiments suggest that the presented approximation schemes of this thesis are simple, effective and feasible. The absolute errors for developed approximation schemes are less than the prevailing schemes. The smaller absolute error confirms the applicability and efficiency of the proposed methods.