67. Al-Mulk/The Sovereignty
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
67:01
a. Blessed is HE WHO holds the reins of Sovereignty over all existence in HIS Hand,
b. and HE Manifests Sovereignty over all existence.
67:02
a. The One WHO created the phenomenon of the death and the life.
b. So that HE may test you between life and death to see which one of you would be most virtuous in deeds that pleased HIM.
c. And HE is The Almighty, The Ever-Forgiving.
67:03
a. It is also HE WHO created the seven celestial realms, one above the other in full harmony with one another.
b. You will not see any imperfection in this creation of The Immensely Merciful.
c. Then turn up your sight again!
d. Can you see any discrepancy or flaw?
67:04
a. Then turn up your sight again and again!
b. Your sight will come back to you bewildered and fatigued, unable to find any discrepancy
or flaw.
67:05
a. And, indeed, WE adorned the lowest sky to the earthly life with lamps,
b. and WE made such shooting stars/meteors that would fend off every approaching satanic evil force,
c. and, additionally, WE have prepared for them the punishment of the Blazing Fire.
67:06
a. And for those who disbelieve in their Rabb- The Lord is the punishment of Hell.
b. And it is going to be an awful and woeful destination!
67:07
a. As they would be flung into it, they will hear its furor - as it boils up,
67:08
This study aims to evaluate the links among gold price, oil price, exchange rate and interest rate in Pakistan. All these channels are interconnected and have impact on monetary policy of the country. Monthly data ranging from 1995-01 to 2016-12 is used for the analysis based on VAR Model. Exchange rate depreciations are responded by tight monetary policy actions, which seem to have a significant effect on exchange rate stabilization process and raise gold price. Changes in oil prices at global level strongly affect the nexus in Pakistan. Monetary policy managers are suggested to take changes in gold prices as indicators of short-run fluctuations in Pakistan economy. The study contributes in two ways. Firstly, as a case study of Pakistan, it analyzes the role of gold market in response to changes in exchange rate and world oil prices. Secondly, the study links up monetary policy decisions to the nexus of gold price-oil price-exchange rate. Findings of the study may be useful for monetary policy makers, academia, and gold industry alike.
Twenty-nine species belonging to twenty-one genera representatives of six tribes viz., Smerinthini, Sphingulini, Acherontiini, Dilophonotini, Macroglossini, and Choerocampini of three subfamilies viz., Smerinthinae, Sphinginae and Macroglossinae of the family Sphingidae with fifteen newly recorded species from different areas of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir are described in detail with special reference to their head, wing venations, fore and hind wings and male and female genital complex where available. In subfamily Smerinthinae, two tribes, the tribe Smerinthini includes seven genera with seven species viz. Smerinthus kindermannnii Lederer, Marumba dyras Walker, Sataspes infernalis Westwood, Leucophlebia lineata Westwood, Clanis deucalion Walker, Clanidopsis exausta Butler, and Polyptychus dentatus Cramer, In tribe Sphingulini only one genus and one species presented, Dolbina grisea Staudinger. The second subfamily Sphinginae includes only one tribe Acherontiini, with two genera, Agrius and Acherontia. In the genus Acherontia two species included A. lachesis (Fabricius), and A. styx Westwood, while in genus Agrius only one species Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus), presented. The third subfamily Macroglossinae contains three tribes with eleven genera and eighteen species. In five genera having one species of each, Cephonodes hylas (Linnaeus), Nephele hespera (Fabricius), Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus), Gnathothlibus erotus (Cramer), and Pergesa acteus (Cramer). In remaining six genera, Macroglossum with three species M. belis (Linnaeus),M. nycteris Kollar, and M. stellatarum (Linnaeus), Acosmeryx with two species A. anceus Rothschild & Jordan, A.sericeus (Walker), Deilephila with two species D. elepenor (Linnaeus), D. rivularis (Biosduval), Hyles with two species Hyles gallii (Von Rottemburg), Hyles livornica (Esper), Hippotion with two species Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus), Hippotion rosetta (Swinhoe), Theretra with also two species Theretra alecto (Linnaeus),and Theretra oldenlandiae (Fabricius). All the taxa including new records are compared with their closest allies and a key to the subfamilies, genera and species are formulated on the basis of reliable characters, which help readily identify the taxa. The cladistic analysis of the representatives of the family Sphingidae is also attempted using their apomorphic characters. The biodiversity of all the included taxa is also discussed and a map of Pakistan is given to show the distributional range and diversity of the above taxa.