The aging population and increasing cost of health care will greatly impact on future health care system and the methods used to treat conditions like osteoarthritis. With numerous treatment options for osteoarthritis, decisions about treatment should ultimately be made between the patient and the physician and consider factors such as the degree of pain and incapacitation, potential drug interactions, as well as medical reimbursement. Knee osteoarthritis is a difficult condition to treat. The recent, American college of rheumatology guidelines highlights the major pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments available; other international guidelines supplement these recommendations. There is good evidence for the use of medications such as acetaminophen, topical and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and tramadol; injectables including viscosupplementation and intra-articular steroids; lifestyle interventions such as education, exercise, weight loss, and mineral baths; and braces such as a knee brace, knee sleeve, and shoe inserts. There are many controversial treatments needing more study. Ideally, treatment should involve the use of multiple modalities to allow for synergy of interventions. In the future, there is the potential for disease modifying interventions but none have been studied well enough to make recommendations at this time. These disease-modifying interventions would expand the non operative treatment options available for knee osteoarthritis. The present study is unique in the area because as per evidence, this is the first study to prove the efficiency of the exercise and antioxidant supplementation effects alone and when given in combination as an exclusive treatment, in the improvement of the knee osteoarthritis. The effects of exercise, antioxidant supplements, and the combination of both have been observed in osteoarthritic patients .The result attained in this study encouraged us to conclude that in treating osteoarthritis ,collective outcomes of the two, potentiate each other becoming a lot more than their individual effects.It shall have considerable effects on community sociably and economically. Forthcoming idea for molecular biology of superoxide dismutase under the consequences of various treatments will surely open the immense perspective of the research. But further research and evidences are necessary for efficacy of exercises and other treatment additions of antioxidant supplement therapy in osteoarthritis of knee.
سید اطہر حسین آئی ۔ اے ۔ ایس جناب سیٹھ عبدالعزیز انصاری صاحب کا غم ابھی تازہ ہی تھا کہ دارالمصنفین کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے ایک اور بہت معزز اور باوقار رکن جناب سید اطہر حسین صاحب آئی۔اے۔ایس بھی رحلت فرماگئے، اناﷲوانا الیہ راجعون۔ وہ یکم مارچ ۱۹۲۰ء کو پیدا ہوئے اعلیٰ تعلیم کے لیے الٰہ آباد یونیورسٹی میں داخل ہوئے، اور ایم۔ایس۔سی کی ڈگری لینے کے بعد ۱۹۴۲ء میں سرکاری ملازمت میں آگئے، ڈپٹی کلکٹری سے ترقی کر کے آئی۔اے۔ایس ہوئے اور حکومت اترپردیش کے اعلیٰ عہدوں پر فائز رہے، تقریباً سات برس تک مرکزی حکومت سے وابستہ رہے، ملازمت کے دوران مصر و امریکہ کے سفر بھی کیے، آخر میں ریاستی حکومت کے سکریٹری کی حیثیت سے ریٹائرڈ ہوکر فیض آباد میں مستقل طور پر قیام پذیر ہوگئے تھے کہ یہیں ۲۰ دسمبر کو قلبی عارضہ میں انتقال ہوگیا، والبقاء ﷲ وحدہ۔ جناب سید اطہر حسین صاحب نے سرکاری ملازمت کی گوناگوں مشغولیتوں کے باوجود تحریر و تصنیف کا مشغلہ بھی جاری رکھا، اور انگریزی اور اردو میں اسلام کے مختلف پہلوؤں پر چھوٹی بڑی درجنوں کتابیں یاد گار چھوڑیں، شعر و سخن کا بھی عمدہ ذوق تھا، اس کی ابتداء رفیقہ حیات کی غمناک موت سے ہوئی، وہ بڑے زودگو تھے، بہت جلدان کی غزلوں کے کئی مجموعے شائع ہوئے، پھر نعتیہ اور مذہبی شاعری کی طرف متوجہ ہوئے، بڑے اچھے مترجم بھی تھے، متعدد اہم دینی کتابوں کے ترجمے انگریزی میں کئے ، انتقال سے ایک ماہ قبل جناب سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن مرحوم کی کتاب ’’اسلام میں مذہبی رواداری‘‘ کا انگریزی ترجمہ مکمل کر کے دارالمصنفین بھیجا، ان کو ترجمہ پر حیرت انگیز قوت تھی، ۸۲ء میں وہ کسی سرکاری کام سے دہلی گئے تھے، اسی زمانہ میں ہمدرد نگر میں بین الاقوامی قرآن کانگریس ہورہی تھی، اپنی دلچسپی کی وجہ سے...
The increasing population is a growing issue in densely populated cities, which leads to an increase in transportation services. In this paper travel time delay due to stationary bottleneck was observed throughout the week in one of the densely populated cities of Pakistan i.e. Peshawar. Videogrammetry was implemented to obtain the recorded frames through the various days of the week. The recorded frames were then statistically analyzed to identify the travel delays in Board Bazaar Peshawar at a stationary bottleneck using SPSS and Statgraphics Software. The statistical analysis revealed a direct proportionality between traffic density and travel time, whereas an inverse proportionality was identified between traffic speed and traffic density. A high traffic density was observed on working days, whereas on the non-working days a reduced traffic density was observed. This study recommends a predictive target lane vehicular guidance system for a smooth traffic flow.
This study analyzed the influential factors of consumers' purchase intention towards counterfeit luxury
products by considering the model of social status, integrity, novelty seeking, and perceived risk. Attitude
towards counterfeit product was used as a mediator in the model. The causalities in the model of problematic
purchase intention of consumers toward counterfeit luxury products are hypothesized. A total sample of 400
respondents with 385 effective samples was collected by distributing self-administered questionnaires to
people from different sectors. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through AMOS was adopted for the analysis.
Consumers' attitude towards counterfeit product was found to be positively and significantly related to
purchase intention of counterfeit product. As for personality constructs, social status and novelty seeking were
found to be positively related to attitude and purchase intention of counterfeit product while integrity and
perceived risk did not show significant relationship.
This study urges original manufacturers to focus more precisely on personality related factors of people and
also need to work closely with policy makers to hinder counterfeiting activity. Replication of the study in other
settings is also recommended. Further academic and managerial implications are presented by the research,
limitations and future research directions are also discussed.