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Strategies for Vehicle Waste- Oil Management in Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Durrani, Agha Hassan Ali Khan

Program

PhD

Institute

Mehran University of Engineering and Technology

City

Jamshoro

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1689

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727242720

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Automotive lubricating oils play a most vital role in our great complex civilization. To estimate the importance of its role one need only consider that every moving part of every machine is subjected to friction and wear. Friction consumes energy; wear causes changes in dimensions and eventual breakdown of the machine. To overcome this problem, lubricating oil is used to reduce friction, protect against wear, carry away heat, protect against rust and remove contaminants from the engine. This lubricating oil is made from crude oil after refining by introducing proper additives and its sources and reserves are limited and are not inexhaustible throughout the world. The used oil loses its effectiveness during operation due to the presence of contaminants. This oil is less subject to biodegradation and does not evaporate but becomes contaminated with substances that are hazardous to human health and the nvironment, so before it can discharged to the environment this oil requires suitable collection and treatment. Therefore to avoid adverse impacts, proper management of waste oil is needed. In this study, waste oil disposal practice in Pakistan has been identified as has the adverse environmental impact associated with it and waste oil management options are discussed in relation to proposed re-cycling options considering the prevailing market price of the new virgin oil. 12 re-generation locations have been identified all over Pakistan to create job opportunities for local people and also reduce transport costs. This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of different methods used to upgrade the waste lube oil into a usable product. Acid/ clay treatment was conducted at laboratory and small pilot scale using the sulfuric acid with different catalysts (Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Formamide and Zeolite) and waste oil ratios. The performance was evaluated against the properties of regenerated oil to the standard base oil, 500N and 150N, and it was found that regenerated oil does not match to standard base oil. In the solvent-extraction process, the performance was evaluated using single and composite solvents with catalysts at laboratory and pilot scale level. The two dependent variables, namely the Percentage of oil loss (POL) and Percentage of Sludge Removal (PSR) were examined as the key parameters in assessing the performance of the extraction process. The solvents used were (70% of 2-propanol and 30% of n-hexane) with addition of KOH, composite solvents (40% 2-propanol, 35% 1-butanol and 25% butanone) and (25% 2-propanol, 37% 1-butanol and 38% butanone) at different solvent-oil ratio and operating variables. In view of the practically and commercial aspect of the project, the used oil recycling process was consecutively run for three or four times at each composition. The physical properties of recovered/re-generated base oil were analyzed and compared. The results from the experimental work shows the laboratory and pilot scale operation revealed similar trends with a little higher performance from the pilot scale operation. This is due to the mechanical mixing of acid-oil/ solvent-oil, coagulants, activated earth clay and controlled heating (dehydration & distillation) extraction of light hydrocarbons and solvents. The properties of re-generated oil were matched to the standard base oil, 500N and 150N, the properties of solvent–oil ratio (25% 2-propanol, 37% Butanol and 38% Butanone) at SOR 6:1 was observed to be the most appropriate solvent composition and achieved about 68% oil recovery and the oil properties compared favorably to graded virgin oil and can be used for similar purposes. Since the quality of regenerated oil matched the virgin oil, it would reduce our dependency on imported oil, save foreign exchange, reduce adverse environment impact and help to preserve oil sources.
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مولانا عبدالباری حاوی

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افسوس ہے گذشتہ ماہ ہمارے نہایت فاضل دوست مولانا عبدالباری صاحب حاویؔ نے بھی ہوائی جہاز کے ذریعہ حج کے ارادے سے جاتے ہوئے ظہران میں وفات پائی۔انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون ۔مولانا وانمباڑی(شمالی ارکاٹ) کے باشندہ تھے اوروہیں حضرت مولانا گنگوہی حضرت شیخ الہند اورمولانا تھانوی کے ارشد تلامذہ سے علوم و فنون اسلامیہ ودینیہ کی تعلیم پائی۔یوں توسب علوم وفنون میں کامل درک رکھتے تھے لیکن حدیث اورعربی ادب میں بڑا کمال حاصل تھا۔ پہلے مختلف مدارس اورایک ہائی اسکول میں درس کی خدمات انجام دیں، اب ادھر دس برس سے مدراس کے مشہور جمالیہ عربک کالج میں صدر الاساتذہ کے عہدے پرفائز تھے۔عربی زبان اوراردو وفارسی میں شعر کہتے تھے۔ پہلے تخلص مجاہدؔ تھا پھر حاویؔ کے تخلص سے مشہور ہوئے ۔بڑے خوش اخلاق اورعابد و زاہد بزرگ تھے۔ وضعداری، مروت اورشرافت ان کی فطرت تھی۔جیسا کہ سفرنامہ مدراس میں عرض کیا جاچکا ہے علالت اورضعف کے باوجود راقم الحروف سے ملاقات کے لیے قیام گاہ پرتشریف لائے۔سات آٹھ مرتبہ حج وزیارت مدینہ سے مشرف ہوچکے تھے۔اس مرتبہ پھر جارہے تھے کہ اثنائے راہ میں پیغامِ اجل آپہنچا۔عمرساٹھ کے لگ بھگ ہوگی اﷲ تعالیٰ صدیقین وشہداء کامقام عطا فرمائے۔ آمین۔ [مارچ ۱۹۷۲ء]

 

اجتہادی مسائل میں ادب الاختلاف: علامہ غلام رسول سعیدی کے منہج کا مطالعہ

Allama Ghulam Rasool Saeedi was a great Muslim scholar of Pakistan. He served the Muslim Ummah more than 79 years. He taught Quran & sunnah for more than five decades. He made his great research work on Quranic Tafaseer, Hadith literature and Islamic jurisprudence. One of his distinction is his work on difference of opinion with the scholar of past and present also. As we know difference of opinion is the basic component of human nature and instinct. Allama Saeedi worked on this difference in his work in honorable manners and ethics. He tried to minimize the sectarianism. This article aims to discuss the contribution of Allama saeedi in this regard.

Power Politics and Role of Baradaries in District Khushab 1982-2008

This study presents a blend of applied and theoretical approaches of Biradari significance and the elite power dynamics.The research design lays down the objectives with pertinent questions to be explored from the pages of history of region and Pakistan. A deep insight into the role of Biradari in the local power elite groups and their characters is essential to understand the mechanism of power in Pakistan. Therefore, this research provides a discourse of the interplay of Biradari and politics and their relationships in Pakistan in general and in district Khushab particularly. These concepts and themes bear special standing in modern social and democratic cultures. Special emphasis is given to examine their impact upon political and social norms of equality and decision-making. The socio-economic considerations on the Biradari role in Punjab and Khushab have been studied in detail. The introduction and political standing of major Biradaries in Khushab has been studied with emphasis on Awan, Tiwana, Bandial, Ganjial, Bandial, Baluch and other important Biradaries. The electoral performance of the Biradaries of Khushab from 1937 to 2008, gives their thorough profile in all political episodes of power struggle. A comprehensive review of the results of these elections has also been given to present each Biradari in its exclusive political positioning in the Khushab district. This analysis establishes the link of the local character of the power and Biradari to the national character of the democratic institutions and the Biradari influence on their making and functioning. This study elaborates the need to strengthen the political parties in the real sense through political working and promotion of democratic culture in their ranks and files. Unless and until the democratized political parties are autonomous in selecting their candidates, Biradari will continue to hold sway over power and its dynamics on different local, provincial and national levels. Political parties are concentrating to encash Biradari influence to widen their majority in the elected institutions. That is why Awan, Tiwana, Gunjial, Bandial, Baluch, Qureshi and others are present in these institutions both as independently elected members (MNAs, MPAs and Senators) and on tickets of different political parties. This study recommends changing the course of party politics. Political parties must behave as xviii strong social institutions as well. The continuous lacking of this character would be benefiting Biradaries for long.