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Structural and Superconducting Properties of Cutl-12 N-1 N N = 3, 4/Nanostructures Composites

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Qasim, Irfan

Program

PhD

Institute

International Islamic University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7196/1/Irfan_Qasim_Physics_2016_HEC_Scholar_Pd7-052_HSR_IIU_21.10.2016.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727245479

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Nanostructures/(CuTl)0.5Ba2Can-1CunO(2n+4)–δ, {CuTl-12(n-1)n}; n = 3, 4} superconducting composites were synthesized by solid-state reaction (SSR) technique and their superconducting behavior was examined by different available experimental techniques. Anti-ferromagnetic chromium (Cr) nanoparticles (NPs), ferromagnetic cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) NPs, non-magnetic zinc (Zn) NPs and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of different wt. % have been inserted in CuTl-12(n-1)n; n = 3, 4 superconducting matrices and their effects on the structure, morphology and composition was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The transport properties and magnetic field response were explored by restivity versus temperature (RT) measurements with the help of four point probe method and ac-susceptibility (χac) measurements, respectively. The experimental data was further analyzed theoretically by different models such as Aslamazov-larkin (AL), Lawrence-Donaich (LD) and Maki-Thompson(MT) models. It has been observed that the inclusion of different nanostructures (NS) in polycrystalline CuTl-12(n-1)n; n= 3, 4 superconducting matrices do not change their tetragonal structure and stichoimetry. Increasing concentrations of magnetic NPs (Cr, Co,Ni) additions in host CuTl-12(n-1)n}; n= 3, 4 superconducting matrices reduce the diamagnetic strength and superconducting volume fraction and cause suppression in characteristic superconducting parameters. The suppression of superconducting parameters after addition of these magnetic NPs can be accredited to spin scattering of carriers due to net magnetic moment, which tend to remain align in particular blocked state and oxygen disorder in superconducting regions. Non-magnetic Zn and CNTs also diminish superconductivity because of enhanced carrier scattering cross section at inter-crystallite sites. Theoretical fluctuation induced conductivity (FIC) analysis confirm the suppression of superconducting characteristic parameters by these NS inclusions in CuTl-12(n-1)n}; n= 3, 4 superconducting matrices. Decrease in coherence length (ξ), increase in penetration depth (λp.d) and shifting of 3D regions towards lower temperature values illustrate the increased insulation at grain-boundaries and decrease in optimum charge carriesr density after addition of these NS in CuTl-12(n-1)n}; n= 3, 4 superconducting matrices
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عشق دا کریے جدوں آغاز

عشق دا کریے جدوں آغاز
راز نوں رکھیے راز ہی راز
جیہڑا رزق حلال کماوے
ہے اقبال دا اوہ شہباز
دل وچ رکھ کے یاد سجن
سمجھو ایہو خاص نماز
راہاں وچ چھڈیں نہ دلبر
ایہو ساڈا عجز نیاز
اساں تاں پھردے دھرتی اُتیّ
سجناں دی اچی پرواز
دل نہ بدلے جس تھیں کجھ
کی کرنا اوہ سن کے ساز
کوٹھے تے چڑھ دیواں ہوکا
عشق توں رہنا سجنو باز
پاک نبیؐ سرور تے ہر دم
پڑھ دے رہیے سلام نماز

Origin of Earth: A Quranic Perspective

The modern scientific concepts were clearly envisioned in the Qur'an date back to 7th century, when observational facilities were not available, mathematical principles were not discovered, primary principles (quarks) and fundamental forces  i.e. Gravitational and electromagnetic were not identified. The word earth (أرْضَARD) appears 409 times in Quran. The number of verses in which the Earth is mentioned first is quite small, e.g. Sura 2, verse 29 and sura 20, verse 4, where a reference is made to "Him Who created the earth and the high heavens". On the other hand the numbers of verses where the Heavens are mentioned before the Earth are much larger e.g. Sura-l-araf (7), Verse 54; SuraYunus (10), verse 3; SuraQaf (50), verse 38; Sura l-Hadid (79), verses 27 to 33 etc. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance. Sura l-Baqarah, verse (67)[i] states:  قَالَ أعُوْذُ بِاللهِ اأنْ أَکُوْنَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِيْن He said, "I seek refuge in Allah from being among the ignorant."The Qur'an does not render a coordinated description of the Earth Creation. In lieu of a continuous story of creation, there are verses dispersed all over the Quran which deal with certain aspects of the Earth Creation. These scattered verses provide information on the sequential events marking its development with varying degrees of detail. The Quran referred toward at least five points which shed light on the creation of heaven and earth.  And these points are entirely confirmed by scientific facts.    

Authorship Attribution for Urdu Newspapers Columns Using Text Mining Techniques

With emergence of big data analytics in last decade, the importance of analyzing semistructured and unstructured data (such as text) is also highlighted. Since, the text (such as customer reviews, newspaper articles, etc.) contain significant business information, the text analytics becomes more significant to predict, infer or analyse information to add value to the business. In this research, we present a unified approach for intelligent association analysis of text that how much a piece of text is related to a customer or a person In this dissertation, an approach is presented for Authorship attribution in Urdu text using LDA model with n-grams texts of authors and improved sqrt-cosine similarity for the sake of forensic analysis. The proposed approach uses n-grams words to identify various learned representations of stylometric features and use them to identify the writing style of a particular author. The LDA based approach emphasizes instance-based and profile-based classification of an author’s text. Here, LDA suitably handles high dimensional and sparse data by allowing more expressive representation of text. The presented approach is an unsupervised computational methodology that can handle the heterogeneity of the dataset, diversity in writing styles of authors, and the inherent ambiguity of the Urdu language. A large corpus has been collected for performance testing of the presented approach. The results of experiments show superiority of the proposed approach over the state-of-the-art representations and other algorithms used for Authorship attribution. Manifold contributions of the presented work are use of improved sqrt-cosine similarity with LDA topics to measure similarity in vectors of text documents for the forensic analysis purpose, construction of a large data set of 6000 documents of columns, and achievement of 92% results on Urdu columns with fifteen authors and 78.57% results on PAN12 English dataset with fourteen authors without using any labels for authorship attribution task.