Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate biomaterials were prepared by solid state sintering method. Pellets were dried in vacuum to remove the water molecules using oven for 4 hours at 120°C. The dried pellets were sintered attemperature 450 °C and 750 °C using muffle furnace Vulcan A-550 for varying time periods6,12,18, and 24 hours to get the gamma and beta phases, respectively. Nd: Yag laser used as an irradiation source for biomaterials. The analysis of samples (morphological and structural) was carried out before and after laser irradiation using X-Ray diffractometer and SEM. Before using Nd: YAG laser irradiation, a slight shift in 2θ values of XRD. It was observed that peaks become sharper as the biomaterials are irradiated. Major variations were not investigated in the XRD parameter of the materials investigated after laser exposure. The homogeneity and crystallinity of the pellets was observed before laser irradiation. After exposing the sample by laser, a slight change in the peak intensity was investigated. Before the SEM heating, the surface of the sample was smooth, grains were compact and size of grains was very large. As a result of sintering, the physical appearance of the pellets changed. Micro-cracks due to thermal shocks at 450 and 750 °C were observed. Compactness of the material and crytalline growth also disturbed badly. Densification of the material is greatly affected due to temperature variations. These effects results to formation of columnar structures. After laser effect on porosity of the materials due to minor changes in the surface volume was observed. The absence of pore is beneficial which causes an increase in mechanical strength of biomaterial and structural fractures. The prepared Ca2P2O7 samples at 450 and 750 °C carried out in the range of 500–4000 cm-1. FTIR of the prepared samples before and after laser showed formation of peaks at 720 –1211 cm-1, which is attributed to the presence of P-O-P linkage stretching mode in Ca2P2O7. After the use of laser, FTIR gives some peaks with lower intensity. The EDX analysis was carried out to confirm the elemental composition of the sample after laser. Mechanical properties of the prepared and sintered samples at 450°C and 750 °C for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours before laser shows low values of compressive strength, and results shows no fracture strength, The compressive strength of the biomaterial improved from0.03–0.24MPa with the increase in temperature. However, the laser exposure of the material becomes mechanically weak and its compressive strength decreases from 0.19 – 0.059 MPa.
شاعرؔصدیقی کی غزل گوئی غزل اْردو شاعری میں روح کی مانند ہے۔ یہ دراصل قصیدے کا ابتدائی حصہ تشبیب ہے جوعموماًعشق ومحبت کے مضامین پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے۔ ایک الگ صنف سخن کے طور پر ایرانی شعرا نے اس کورواج دیاعربی زبان میں غزل نام کوئی شعرِ صنف موجود نہیں ہے۔شمس رازیؔ نے غزل کی تعریف کچھ اس طرح کی کہ ہرن کو جب شکاری کتے دبوچھ لیتے ہیں اور بے بسی کی حالت میں اس کے منہ سے جو کرب ناک چیخ نکلتی ہے وہ غزل ہے۔معلمین ادب نے اب تک غزل کی جو تعریفیں کی ہیں ان میں سب سے مقبول تعریف یہ ہے کہ’’ عورتوں سے باتیں کرنا ،عورتوں کے متعلق باتیں کر نا ،عورتوں سے عشق بازی کرنا‘‘۔عربی زبان میں غزل سے مراد ’’کاتنا‘‘ لیا جاتا ہے۔عرب میں نوجوان لڑکیاں گھر کی مصروفیت سے جب فارغ ہوجاتی سوت کاتتی تھی اور جوگیت گھاتی اس کو غزل سے معنون کیا جاتا تھا۔شاعری کی اصطلاح میں غزل وہ شعری صنف ہے جس کے ہر شعر میں الگ مضمون باندھا گیا ہوجامعیت اور اختصار غزل کے ہر شعر کا خاصہ ہوتا ہے غزل کا ہر شعر اپنے مفہوم کے لحاظ سے سالم ہوتا ہے۔عشق و عاشقی کے مضامین غزل کے بنیادی عناصر سمجھے جاتے ہیں۔ڈاکٹر محمد عبدالحفیظ قتیلؔ نے اس حوالے سے کچھ یوں اظہار خیال کیا ہے: ’’غزل کے لغوی معنی عورتوں سے باتیں کرنے ،ان کے ساتھ خوش طبعی سے پیش آنے اور عاشقی کرنے کے ہیں۔اور اصطلاح میں اس صنف سخن کو کہتے ہیں جو حسن جمال کی تعریف اور عشق وعاشقی کے ذکر کے لیے مخصوص ہے‘‘ (۱) ہیئت کے اعتبارسے غزل کے تمام مصرعے ایک ہی وزن وبحر میں ہوتے ہیں۔ہرشعر مفہوم کے اعتبار سے دوسرے سے مختلف ہوتا ہے۔اشعار کی تعداد کم ازکم پانچ سے سات ہونی چاہیے۔غزل کے پہلے...
There are a lot of profound effects of attributes of Allah on the human social life. When the person recognizes the attributes of Allah, he starts efforts to adopt those attributes through which he succeeds in his practical life. In fact the knowledge of Allah’s attributes is the base of all kinds of knowledge and beleives. This paper is a study to develop the moral narms, human behavior and impact of attributes of Allah Almighty on the human society in this life and in the life hereinafter, so that it may be practiced to strengthen the moral attitudes and beleieves of the Muslim society as well as the human behavior in their life.
Background: Palliative care is a modality of treatment that addresses physical, psychological and spiritual symptoms. Dignity therapy, a form of psychotherapy, was developed by Professor Harvey Chochinov, MD in 2005.
Methods: This was a randomized control trial of 144 patients (72 in each arm) randomized into group 1 (intervention arm) and group 2 (control arm). Baseline ESAS scores were determined in both arms following which group 1 received Dignity therapy while Group 2 received usual care only. Data collected was presented as Legacy documents to group 1 participants. Post intervention ESAS scores were obtained in both groups after 6 weeks. Analysis was based on the intention to treat principle and descriptive statistics computed. The main outcome was symptom distress scores on the ESAS (summated out of 100 and symptom specific scores out of 10). The student T-test was used to test for difference in ESAS scores at follow up and graphs computed for common cancers and comorbidities.
Results: Of the 144 (72 patients in each arm) patients randomized, 70%were female while 30% were male with a mean age of 50 years. At 6 weeks, 11 patients were lost to follow up, seven died and 126 completed the study. The commonly encountered cancers were gastrointestinal cancers (43%, p=0.29), breast cancer (27.27% p=0.71) and gynaecologic cancers (23% p=0.35).Majority of the patients i.e. 64.3% had no comorbidities.
After adjusting for baseline scores, the mean (summated) symptom distress score was not significant (GLM p=0.78). Dignity therapy group showed a trend towards statistical improvement in anxiety (p=0.059). The largest effects seen were in improvement of appetite, lower anxiety and improved wellbeing (Cohen effect size 0.3, 0.5 and 0.31 respectively).
Conclusion: Dignity therapy showed no statistical improvement in overall quality of life. Symptom improvement was seen in anxiety and this was a trend towards statistical significance (p=0.059).