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Studies in the Alkaloids of Rauwolfia Species

Thesis Info

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Author

Khan, Muhammad Ataullah

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1970

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5430/1/495.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676727254544

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مقصدِ حیات

مقصد حیات

                ہم جو بھی پڑھتے ہیں اس سے متاثر ضرور ہوتے ہیں۔اسی طرح ناول نگار بھی کسی زندگی کی عکاسی کرتاہے اور جس زندگی کی عکاسی کر رہا ہوتا ہے وہ مقصد سے خالی نہیں ہوتی۔ناول نگار قاری کیاحساسات کے بارے میں آگاہ ہوتا ہے۔اس لیے وہ انسانی نفسیات کو سمجھتے ہوئے ایک کہانی تخلیق کرتا ہے۔ایک استاد کی طرح اپنی بات کو قاری کے ذہن تک پہنچانے کا مقصد صرف اور صرف یہ ہوتا ہے کہ ایک خاص قسم کا فلسفہ اس کے ذہن میں زبردستی ڈالا جاتا ہے۔

                ناول نگار نے بھی ایک مقصدی کہانی لکھی ہے۔ وہ اپنی اس کہانی کے ذریعے ہمیں کرپشن اور ملک سے غداری کرنے والوں کو بینقاب کررہے ہیں۔وہ سیکس انڈسٹری کی ایک واضح تصویر اور اس کے نتائج کو ہمارے سامنے پیش کررہے ہیں جوکہ ایک عمدہ قدم ہے۔یقیناًنو لکھی کوٹھی کے بعد ناطق کا یہ دوسرا انتہائی شاندار ناول ہے جو یاد رکھے جانے کے قابل ہوگا۔ہر موڑ قاری کو ایک نئی راہ سے متعارف کروارہا ہے شوبز کی دنیا ایک جھانسہ ہے۔ہمارے معاشرے میں چلتے پھرتے لوگوں کے بارے میں خلاصہ کیاگیا ہے۔جائیداد کا لالچ تو ایک الگ بات ،اس پہ نسل در نسل بات پر اس طرح مٹی ڈال دی جاتی ہے کہ وہ ایک معمہ بن جائے اور حل نہ ہوپائے۔ناطق نے بہت ہی جانب داری کا مظاہرہ کیا ہے اور محسوسات کے مطابق ایک مقصدی کہانی لکھی ہے۔

 

 

امام جلال الدین سیوطی كی تفسیر میں اشعار عرب سے استشہاد كا علمی جائزہ

Abstract: This paper describes that if we want to know about poetry we must understand that out of context we can never arrive at our destination. The Quran should be read and understood in totality of its message and spirit. Its verses are local and universal. Some verses are in local environments but leave universal and eternal message. The verses ofSura'h Yasin and Sura'h Najm related to poetry clearly exhibit the truth that God rejected the claim of the infidels who regarded the Quran as the book of poetry and Prophet Mohammad as a poet. The poets in general are not condemned in Sura Yasin. It is an apt reply to the infidels that the Quran is a message from God with a serious mission and motto. The Holy Prophet used to ask people to recite the holy poetry of Hazrat Abu Talib. Hassan bin Sabit used to recite "Naat" in the presence of the Prophet. Hazrat Ali was also a poet. They enhanced the divine mission of the prophets through their facile pen and noble spirit. Hence in the light of above brief dissertation, we can profess that Islam does not oppose poetry if it is written on didactic and divine lines.

Physiological, Biochemical and Growth Response of Sunflower to Salinity and Boron

Low concentration of boron (B) is essential to plant growth and may limit the growth in excess quantity especially under saline conditions. Limited information was available regarding B toxicity on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under saline conditions. The present studies were conducted to investigate the interactive effect of salinity and B toxicity. Hydroponics and pot studies were conducted at various B levels under normal and saline conditions. First, 10 sunflower genotypes were screened out against salinity in water culture (control, 60,120 and 180 mM NaCl). SF-187 and S-278 were ranked as tolerant to salinity whereas, Hysun-33 and Hysun-38 were categorized as sensitive genotypes against salinity. These genotypes were grown in hydroponics under saline and non-saline conditions and at control, 0.5 and 1.0 mM boron. Physical and chemical characteristics determined showed reduction in shoot fresh and dry weight was more in salt-sensitive genotypes (Hysun-33 and Hysun-38) than in salt tolerant genotypes (SF- 187 and S-278). Salt-tolerant genotypes accumulate less boron and Na + , while more K + in shoot than salt-sensitive genotypes. Root B and K + accumulation were decreased in saline conditions than non-saline conditions while Na + concentration in root increased in saline conditions. Result regarding relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI) showed a reduction pattern with the increasing level of boron toxicity both under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt-tolerant genotypes showed more RWC and MSI than salt sensitive genotypes under saline conditions along with boron toxicity. Photosynthetic rate (PR) stomatal conductance (SC) and transpiration rate (TR) were also decreased with salinity and toxic levels of boron, and salt tolerant genotypes showed better response regarding PR, SC and TR than salt sensitive genotypes. Achene yield per plant decreased under saline conditions along with toxic level of boron and salt tolerant genotypes showed less % reduction than salt sensitive genotypes. Boron and potassium concentrations decreased under saline conditions, while Na + concentration increased under saline conditions (alone) and saline condition and B at 5 ppm concentration. Salt- tolerant genotypes had accumulated less Na + and B concentration and more K + concentration in shoot. Genotypes (SF-187 and S-278) were promising genotypes under saline conditions along with boron toxicity and can be directly used by farmers or may be used for the development of more salinity tolerant sunflower genotypes by the breeders.