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Studies of Production and Beneficial Effects of Bacillus Species As Probiotics on Poultry Birds

Thesis Info

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Author

Ziauddin

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University Lahore

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Natural Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8409/1/Zia_ud_Din_Biotechnology_GCU_Lahore_2017_22.06.2017.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727268502

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This study was conducted for the production of probiotics for poultry birds from spore forming Bacillus species and its efficacy on poultry birds. For this purpose soil samples were collected from all over Pakistan to isolate spore forming Bacillus bacteria by heat shock method. Total 120 soil samples were collected. On the basis of morphological characteristics colonies were considered. Further, various biochemical tests were carried out and 120 colonies were confirmed as Bacillus species. Some physical tests were also conducted like growth of isolates on different pH, time period, different concentrations of NaCl and different temperatures. The isolates showing more growth and colony forming unit CFU/ml at same parameters like pH, time, temperature, inoculums size and age, were selected. Thus 3 isolates were selected on priority basis which gave more CFU and activity against Micrococcus leuteus but three other strains which gave nearest growth to first 3 selected isolates were also selected for safe side and future use. Species level determination was carried out by ribotyping in which 16S rDNA was amplified, sequenced and verified through BLAST. Out of 6 isolates, strain Zii12 Bacillus licheniformis accession No. KT443923 was finally selected for probiotics production on the basis of biochemical tests, physiological tests, molecular identification, antibacterial activity against bacteria (Micrococcus leuteus) and number of CFU/ml. In shake flask method 1 (g) cell mass per liter of Bacillus licheniformis KT443923 with antibiotic activity (22.37 mm zone of inhibition and CFU 5.1 × 1010 ) was obtained but in scale up studies where we used batch fermentation method, it was 4 gm per liter, 3 times enhancement. The bacterial culture was centrifuged and lyophilized; the product in dried powdered form was indicated in grams. The activity and CFU/g were re checked the results were same as before. Now the product was supplemented in the poultry feed to check its efficacy, for this purpose two different types of poultry trials were conducted. For rural poultry trials, aseel birds were used and growth parameters and mortality were studied. The encouraging results with increased body weights (g) for birds fed with feed supplemented with probiotics in comparison to antibiotic and control group. After six weeks the results obtained in three groups 197.48±5.11, 172.48±5.81, 146.98±4.86, weight gain (g) 156.15±4.96, 132.25±5.56, 106.69±4.80, folds of weight gain 4.82±0.14, 20 4.34±0.16, 3.72±0.14, Feed intake (g) 711.46±22.58, 653.92±29.74, 595.79±28.94, feed conversion ratio FCR 4.57±0.25, 4.92±0.24, 5.55±0.34, mortality 0.28, 0.84, 1.25% respectively. In another trial of commercial broiler (Cobb 500) strain was used. Growth performance, mortality, slaughtering characteristics, histology, blood parameters and prevalence of pathogens in broiler meat were studied. In commercial broiler, best results obtained in birds that were fed with feed supplemented with probiotic. At the age of 5th weeks, body weight (g) of broiler birds fed with feed supplemented with probiotic, antibiotic and control were 2155.11±30.79, 1978.40±57.02, 1840±0.71; total weight gain 2133.98±36.90, 1946.12±63.00, 1805.23±24.50 feed intake (g) 3305.96±11.44, 3370.05±44.15, 3496.67±8.17 maximum folds of weight gain 4.50±0.02, 4.23±0.14, 4.32±0.10 FCR 1.47±0.03, 1.64±0.03, 1.86±0.01 mortality 0, 0.74, 1.48% respectively. After a successful study, 54 birds were slaughtered according to their body size and sex wise. Live weight, slaughtered weight, dressed weight, pancreas weight and heart weight of high body size was high in males that used feed supplemented with probiotic. No difference was found in bursa weight of all the slaughtered birds. Gizzard, liver, spleen and weight and intestinal among all groups was approximately not significant. Less abdominal fat (17.50±0.84 g) was observed in probiotic group. pH of small intestine was almost not significant in birds of al groups. Blood parameters results were also satisfactory. Cholesterol level in probiotic group was very low (119.07±0.44 mg/dl) in comparison with other groups. Pathogens like E.coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella were not found in the meat of probiotic groups but low or high percentage was found in other groups. High villus length of ileum (1439.11±22.83 mm) was also found in probiotic group. Similarly, maximum quantity of goblet cells (167.55±4.55) was found in the ileum of probiotic group. The manure of all type of treated birds was applied separately to lentil crop to check the efficacy of every group. Maximum growth of plant and high seed yield (1243.93±8.99 kg ha-1) was found in probiotic treated plots. Less or nil pathogen prevalence was found in probiotic group manure and soil. Bacillus licheniformis probiotic was concluded as the better feed additive for poultry as compare to antibiotic.
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حوالہ جات

حوالہ جات

خلیل صدیقی، زبان کیا ہے۔ عاکف بک ڈپو ،دہلی،1994ء،ص 25

        محمد حسین ،آزاد۔سخن دانِ فارس،اتر پردیش اردو اکادمی ،لکھنئو،1979ءص 11

        Jan Bemes, the unfolding of Language “Oxford univ. press 2001. مترجم اصغر بشیر،سٹی بک پوائنٹ، لاہور ص 40

        فوزیہ اسلم، ڈاکٹر، بازیافت (رسالہ) جنوری تا جون ۲۰۱۷، شعبہ اردو اورنٹیل کالج، پنجاب یونی ورسٹی، لاہور

        محی الدین قادری، زور، سید، ہندوستانی لسانیات، ص ۱۴

        محمد حسین، ڈاکٹر ،اردو ریسرچ جنرل، جولائی، ستمبر ۲۰۱۷ء

        حامد اللہ ندوی، ڈاکٹر، اردو زبان کا تاریخی خاکہ، مشمولہ اردو تاریخ ومسائل (مرتب) سید روح الامین، گجرات عزت اکادمی (۲۰۰۷ء)، ص ۳۵

        گیان چند جین، عام لسانیات، بک ٹال، لاہور، ۲۰۱۸ء، ص ۱۷

        ڈیوڈ کرسٹل، لسانیات کیا ہے؟ مترجم نصیر احمد خان، قومی نسل برائے فروغِ اردو،نئی دہلی، ۱۹۸۸ء، ص ۵۹

        F.C. Backet. A Coursein modern Linguistics 1958 میکلمن کمپنی، نیو یارک، ص ۰۲

          ابوالاعجاز حفیظ صدیقی، کشاف تنقیدی اصطلاحات، اسلام آباد، مقتدرہ قومی زبان، ۱۹۸۵ء ، ص ۱۵۶

        اشرف کمال، ڈاکٹر، لسانیات، زبان اور رسم الخط، مثالی پبلی شرز، فیصل آباد، ۲۰۰۹ء، ص۵

        شوکت سبزواری، ڈاکٹر، لسانی مسائل، مکتبۂ اسلوب، کراچی، ۱۹۶۲ء، ص ۸

        طارق رحمٰن، ڈاکٹر:...

Plating versus Ilizarov Technique for Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Comparative Study on Functional Outcome and Patient Satisfaction

ObjectiveTo compare clinical and functional outcomes and complications of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) by plating and Ilizarov technique in complex tibial plateau fractures. MethodsThis study is a randomized clinical trial accompanying 56 patients having Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures. We divided patients into two groups for management. Group I; open reduction internal fixation versus Ilizarov technique (Group II). We conducted at the Orthopedics Department, Jinnah post-graduate medical centre, Karachi, from April-2018 to Oct2020. The endpoint assessed patients’ satisfaction and clinical and functional outcomes up to an 18-month follow-up. ResultsThe aetiology of tibial fracture was mainly road traffic accidents (RTA); 17 (70.9%) in ORIF versus 23 (71.8%) in the Ilizarov group. According to clinical outcomes, excellent extension lag was achieved in 100% of patients in both groups. Most patients had excellent knee flexion, thigh atrophy and instability outcomes (54.1% vs 59.37%, 87.5% vs 81.2% and 83.3% vs 87.5%). The functional outcome assessment was done and recorded for 18 months of follow-up. There was no significant difference in normal walking, stair climbing, squatting, jumping and duck walking between the groups. The overall rate of complications was similar; 11 (45.8%) in ORIF versus 17 (53.12%) in the Illizarov group (p-value 0.78). ConclusionOur study concludes that there is an excellent clinical and functional outcome found in both procedures.   DOI: https: //doi. Org/10.59564/amrj/01.01/008

Cad: Comprehensive Database of Alkaloids

Alkaloids are most important natural secondary metabolites with a wide range of structural diversity. More than 12,000 alkaloids have been reported from different plant genera. Plant alkaloids are cheap in terms of cost and have fewer side effects as compared to other alkaloid sources. Different structural databases are available containing thousands of alkaloids from different sub-categories lacking the information about ADMET, 2D and 3D properties, bioactivities, interaction with genes, pathway and diseases in which it is involved and cross references in a single platform. CAD is aimed to provide a single useful online and downloadable platform to fulfill this gap and help researchers to get information in a time efficient manner. Briefly, methods used to implement CAD was 1) searching plants of sub-continent India, 2) Searching for alkaloids contained in these plants, 3) Finding structural properties from publically available databases and journals, 4) Prediction of ADMET properties, 5) Making of different structural formats using MOE software, 6) Prediction of 2D and 3D properties and development ofReady to Dock Library using MOE software 7) searching for associated gene interaction, disease and pathway data, 8) storing data in RDBMS 9) retrieving information using PHP. The resulted database can be searched with alkaloid, gene, disease and pathway name by simple typing the corresponding name or by selecting from dropdown menu. After successful implementation of CAD, it was concluded that CAD could fulfill its desired aims with unique organized information of alkaloids. In future CAD will include more plants and their alkaloids from different countries and more scientifically useful aspects.