محمد دین بھٹی (۱۸۸۳۔۱۹۷۵ء) سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ سکاچ مشن سکول سیالکوٹ اور سکاچ مشن کالج سیالکوٹ کے طالب علم اور علامہ اقبال کے ہم مکتب تھے۔ آپ مولوی میر حسن کے شاگردتھے۔ مولوی میر حسن اپنے گھر کا سودا سلف لانے کے لیے محمد دین بھٹی کو اپنے ساتھ بازار لے جایا کرتے تھے۔ منشی فاضل‘ مولوی عالم کے علاوہ ایم۔ اے انگریزی کرنے کے بعد سکاچ مشن سکول سیالکوٹ میں ۳۵۔۱۹۳۰ کے درمیان مدرس کے طور پر تقرری ہوئی۔ بعد میں مرے کالج سیالکوٹ میں عربی‘ فارسی اور اردو کے لیکچرار تعینات ہوئے۔ محمد دین بھٹی اقبال کے ہم عصر شاعر تھے۔ آپ کا شعری مجموعہ ’’ماء معین‘‘ شائع ہو چکا ہے۔ یہ مجموعہ کلام اقبال اور مولوی میر حسن کے نام سے معنون کیا گیا ہے۔(۲۰۷)راقم الحروف کی کوشش کے باوجود یہ مجموعہ کلام دریافت نہیں ہو سکا۔ نمونۂ کلام ملاحظہ ہو:
کوئی پوچھے کہ کیا ہوتی ہے تقدیر۔ وہ تھی جو پہلے تھی تدبیر
اگر تدبیر ہو قاصر بہ تکمیل تو تقدیر بھی ہوتی ہے تغیر (۲۰۸)
۲۰۷۔ طلعت نثار خواجہ، ’’مرے کالج کے ادیب اساتذہ‘‘ ، مقالہ برائے ایم۔ اے اردو، لاہور ،پنجاب یونیورسٹی، ص:۳۷۰
۲۰۸۔ ایضاً ،ص: ۳۷۲
Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, like many aristocratic Englishmen in the age of Empire in the late 19th century, took an interest in the Muslim populations of the colonies being governed by Britain. As a prolific writer and poet, his approach differs from his contemporaries in being, on the whole, genuinely sympathetic to Islam. In his book ‘The Future of Islam’ he shows how important the power of Islam in coming centuries is likely to be, and touches upon many important topics, such as the growing spread of Islam in the world and possible adjustments to the Caliphate. He would like to see the formation of a friendly association between Great Britain and the Muslims of the world in the political interests of Britain. Inevitably, many of his predictions and wishes did not materialize in the 20th century. Wilfred Scawen Blunt [1840-1922] was an English gentleman who followed the leisurely pursuits available to affluent members of Victorian society, i.e, travelling and poetry. His travels in the Middle East made a powerful impression on his intellectual and emotional sensibilities. As E.M. Forster wrote in his essay on Blunt, he ‘was drawn to Islam, and at one time thought of professing it.’1 He was, no doubt, in sympathy with the subjugated peoples of the Middle East and with the Indians of South Asia who were groaning under the colonial yoke. Further in the essay, Forster writes, ‘Egyptians found him too proTurkish and Indians too anti-British.’2 This attitude was unique for a stolid Englishman of the time of the ‘highnoon of Empire’. Blunt feared the advance of European powers in Oriental lands. Forster further writes: ‘His detachment is amazing. He dreaded a war because it must involve Asia and Africa, and complete the enslavement of the conservative Oriental nations, whom he loved and who loved him……
IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF COMPETENCIES POSSESSED BY FRUIT GARDEN OWNERS IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN Muhammad Saleem University of Agriculture Faisalabad february 2010 Major supervisor Dr. Tanvir Ali The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the competencies possessed by fruit garden owners in district Faisalabad, Pakistan. The target population consisted of all the (1993) Fruit Growing farmers of district Faisalabad. A stratified random sample of three hundred and seventeen fruit growing farmers was selected. The data were collected through personal interviews on a research instrument having five sections. A five point response likert scale was used to assess the levels of competencies possessed by fruit growers. The finding indicated that awareness regarding the sources of information of the respondents perceive that they possess various categories from very high ( =3.43) level regarding frequency of availability and high ( =3.57) level of correctness regarding university of Agriculture Faisalabad as a source of information but this source was available only to 4.4 percent of the respondents. The field Assistant were available to 87.00 percent of the respondents with low availability level ( =2.58) and low ( =2.13) level of correctness of information. While telephone had low ( = 1.37) level of availability and very low ( = 0.94) level of correctness was used by the respondents as a source of information.. Majority of the respondent (97.00) percent reported the major problem of proper training regarding fruit growing practices were not available to them with medium ( = 2.40) level of severity. The findings of the study indicated that fruit growers had possessed from low level to an average level of competence in most of the competencies, whereas all of the competencies were perceived as highly important for fruit production, protection and marketing. Themango growers had low ( = 2.7, 2.48, 2.5 and 2.13) level of knowledge, skill, attitude and adoption concerning mango growing practices, citrus growers had ( = 2.7, 2.49, 2.52 and 2.2) level, guava growers had low ( =2.72, 2.46, 2.59 and 2.15) level and date growers had low to medium ( = 2.78, 2.46, 2.63 and 2.24) level of knowledge, skill, attitude and adoption concerning fruit growing practices such as preparation of field, system layout for transplanting of nursery plants in the field up to harvesting and marketing of fruits. The fruit growers had low to medium level of knowledge, skill, attitude and adoption regarding fruit growing practices which indicate a need to train farmers regarding these practices. A greater (29.97, 26.49 and 17.35 percent) of the respondents reported that months of January, February and September are the appropriate time and majority (50.78 and37.22 percent) of the respondents reported that one week to two week time duration for the conduction of training courses and majority (54.89) percent) of the respondents reported that University of Agriculture Faisalabad is the ideal place for the training of fruit growers in the identified technical competencies. The Chi- square values for association between age groups, education level, tenancy status, size of land holding and knowledge level, skill, attitude, adoption level was highly significant which showed highly significant positive relationship between the age group, education level, tenancy status, size of land holding of respondents and knowledge, skill, attitude and adoption level of recommended practices concerning mango citrus, guava and date production, protection and marketing.