In the present work, 203 iron and steel industrial units located in and around Lahore were surveyed to gather information regarding physical parameters, processes involved, product types, raw materials used, fuel types, mode of employment, working conditions and use of PPEs in these units. General health and socio-economic status, disease history and anthropometric measurements of 656 workers from different work points were measured. Total serum proteins, albumin, ALT, AST and ALP were photometrically analyzed. Haematological parameters i.e., TLC, DLC, RBC, Hgb, Hct%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelet counts were made on automated haematology analyzer. Data was statistically analyzed on the basis of work points, job duration and worker’s age using ANOVA and students t-test at SPSS 13.0 version. Survey results revealed that the working conditions in these units are not satisfactory. Workers are exposed to variety of hazards. Socio-economic status of the workers also portrayed a dismal condition. Biochemical analysis showed general trend of increased concentration of total serum proteins, albumin and globulins, suggesting dehydration and non-specific infections as probable cause. Old workers working at comparatively higher temperature point showed more evident changes in total protein contents as compared to the young workers at the same points. ALT and AST, although within normal reference range, were evidently towards the higher limits in almost all categories of the workers. Younger and oldest workers with shortest and longest job duration presented higher value for ALT and AST as compared to the middle aged workers and with medium job duration. ALP is found significantly higher in all categories of workers depicting the obvious response to environmental stress. Physical activity along with the temperature appeared to be the contributory to enhance ALP activity. Although the haematological parameters did not show any direct correlation with the job duration or worker’s age but increased WBCs in circulation along with the complementary increase in lymphocytes number reflects the elicitation of immune response in these subjects. Hemoglobin, RBCs, Hct%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets are found to show alteration, in general indicating a stress on the hematopoietic system to cope with the stress of hypoxic conditions and enhanced demand of energy due to heavy physical exertion. The results suggest that work point temperature along with heavy physical activity probably causes effects on liver physiology and also the hematopoietic system as apart of compensatory response. The results suggest more detailed studies with reference to heat stress and protein profile with special emphasis of the role of Hsps. Along with the detailed haematological investigations; studies on liver and kidney physiology are also recommended to understand the effect on hormones and electrolytes under hyperthermic conditions. Strict monitoring and enforcement of rules for the workers health and safety are strongly recommended.
مولانا محمد یوسف بنوری ۱۹۲۷ء کا زمانہ تھا، میں اس وقت ندوہ میں پڑھتا تھا، درس کے دوران اور بحث و تحقیق کے سلسلہ میں مولانا انور شاہ صاحب کشمیریؒ کا تذکرہ ہوتا تھا، ہمارے استاد مولانا حیدر حسن خاں صاحب شاہ صاحب سے بخوبی واقف تھے، اُن کی مجلس میں شاہ صاحب مرحوم کی وسعت علم، بے نظیر حافظہ، ندرتِ فکر، اور دقت نظر کا ذکر آتا تھا، شاہ صاحب کے بعض شاگرد بھی کبھی کبھی آجاتے اور اپنے استاد کے علم و کمال کا والہانہ ذکر کرتے، گرمیوں کی چھٹی میں مولانا سیدطلحہ پروفیسر اورینٹل کالج لاہور لکھنؤ آتے، مولانا حیدر حسن خاں صاحب مرحوم اُن کے شفیق استاد تھے، ٹونک اُن کا وطن تھا، اس طرح تلمذ کے ساتھ وطن کی مشارکت بھی اُن کو ندوہ لاتی، اور بعض اوقات کئی کئی دن مولانا حیدر حسن خاں کے ہاں ان کا قیام رہتا، مولانا طلحہ کی عقیدت اور مولانا حیدر حسن خاں کی شفقت قابل دید ہوتی۔ مولانا سید طلحہ صاحب نے مولانا انور شاہ صاحبؒ کو قریب سے دیکھا تھا، اور ان کے حلقہ درس میں کئی بار بیٹھے تھے، اُن کی مخصوص صحبتوں میں بھی شریک ہوئے تھے، علوم اسلامیہ پر خود اُن کی اچھی نظر تھی، خصوصاً تفسیر حدیث، اور رجال کا بہت اچھا مطالعہ تھا، حافظہ بھی غضب کا پایا تھا، لیکن بایں ہمہ وہ شاہ صاحب سے بہت زیادہ متاثر تھے، اور ان کی وسعت نظر، حفظ و اتقان، مہارت علوم، اور مجہتدانہ صلاحیت کے بیحد معترف تھے، ان کا تذکرہ بڑے کیف و وجد کے ساتھ کرتے، کہا کرتے تھے، کہ اگر میں نے مولانا انور شاہ صاحب کو نہ دیکھا ہوتا، اور اُن کے حافظے کا ذاتی تجربہ نہ ہوتا، تو مجھے ان رواتیوں کو تسلیم کرنے میں تامل ہوتا جو کتابوں میں سلف کے حافظے کے بارے...
Today, majority of the Muslims' lives have turned out to be colored with a similar shade of the western civilization in every sphere of life. We watch that the matter of imitation achieved its most exceedingly awful pinnacle. In this era of ecstasy, the imitation of infidels and penitence of the Sunnah is growing rapidly due to the fact that Muslims have made it their habit. A particular group considers it enlightenment and ideological freedom and feels ashamed to follow Islam and Sunnah. The main reason for this attitude is that Muslims are unaware of the disadvantages of the imitation of infidels. In this article, the nuisances and flaws of imitation have been discussed, so that the Muslims could know about its imperfections and follow the Qur’ān and Sunnah.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the leading killers of human beings in Pakistan. Outcome of complex diseases like CHD is determined by interaction between multiple factors including the genetic factors, most importantly. To scrutinize the association of various genetic polymorphisms [rs7025486(A/G), rs1333049(G/C), rs6922269(G/A), rs2943634(C/A), rs599839(A/G), rs17465637(C/A), rs501120(C/T) and rs17228212(C/T)] with the risk of CHD in Pakistani population, the present investigation was designed. Although these genetic variants have been already explored for their association with CHD in European populations, the unique architecture and genetic composition of Pakistani population warrant an independent trial in this population. Samples for patients were collected from different hospitals in Lahore and Gujranwala. Samples for controls were randomly collected from various Government and private institutes and hospitals. A detailed questionnaire was administered for acquisition of desired information and for taking informed consent. A total of 645 samples (435 cases and 210 controls) were collected out of which 6% were excluded based on positive screening for Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or HIV. The remaining 606 samples (403 cases and 203 controls) were utilized for biochemical (lipid profile) and genetic analysis. Results for the lipid profiling imply that the levels of various lipoproteins and triglycerides were impaired in a higher percentage of cases as compared to controls pointing towards an association between dyslipidaemia and the atherosclerosis which underlies CHD. Findings of the present exploration pertaining to the genetic polymorphisms indicate that for rs7025486(A/G), increased risk of CHD was on margin level in GA carriers (Odds ratio: 1.72; 95% Confidence interval: 1.223- 2.428) and frequency of risk allele [A] was higher in cases as compared to controls (Cases: 0.45; Controls: 0.41). For rs1333049(G/C), those carrying CC genotype were at margin of increased risk for CHD (Odds ratio: 1.65; 95% Confidence interval: 1.096-2.476). Carriers of GC were experienced to be at risk margin of CHD only in men (Odds ratio: 1.18; 95% Confidence interval: 0.805-1.730) and in the combined data analysis (Odds ratio: 1.12; 95% Confidence interval: 0.800-1.571). The frequency of risk allele [C] was observed as being elevated in case subjects than xiv controls (Cases: 0.55; Controls: 0.45). For rs6922269(G/A), elevated risk of CHD was at margin level in bearers of AA genotype (Odds ratio: 1.36; 95% Confidence interval: 0.523-3.523). In addition, those possessing GA genotype were also found to be at risk margin of CHD (Odds ratio: 1.76; 95% Confidence interval: 1.183-2.630). Besides, frequency of risk allele [A] was comparatively raised in case subjects (Cases: 0.20; Controls; 0.13). Results pertinent to rs2943634(C/A) indicate that carriers of CC were at increased risk margin of CHD (Odds ratio: 1.53; 95% Confidence interval: 1.058-2.221) and that, the risk allele frequency [C] was lower in controls than in cases (Cases: 0.87; Controls; 0.80). With regards to rs599839(A/G), increased risk margin of CHD was experienced in AA carriers (Odds ratio: 1.72; 95% Confidence interval: 1.156-2.566) and the risk allele frequency [A] observed a decrease in controls as compared to cases (Cases: 0.90; Controls; 0.84). As far as rs17465637(C/A) is concerned, vulnerability to CHD was revealed to be at margin level in CC carriers (Odds ratio: 1.40; 95% Confidence interval: 0.993-1.961). This observation stayed the same when the data was analyzed for MI patients only (Odds ratio: 1.68; 95% Confidence interval: 1.163-2.442) In addition, only the female AA carriers were divulged to be at an increased risk margin of CHD (Odds ratio: 1.13; 95% Confidence interval: 0.367-3.471). Further, frequency of the risk allele [C] was higher in case subjects than in control subjects (Cases: 0.65; Controls; 0.60). In relation to rs501120(C/T), TT genotype carriers were found to be at elevated risk margin of CHD (Odds ratio: 1.29; 95% Confidence interval: 0.917-1.816). Besides, CT carriers were also at margin of increased risk of CHD (Odds ratio: 1.05; 95% Confidence interval: 0.750-1.484). Furthermore, cases experienced a comparatively increased frequency of the risk allele [T] (Cases: 0.68; Controls; 0.61). For rs17228212(C/T), frequency of the CT carriers was extremely low (< 5 %) in our sample population and CC carriers were completely absent implying that the results were of little potential significance keeping in view the low frequency of C allele. Besides the genetic analysis of CHD patients, some of the experiments included here pertinent to dynamics of nuclear calcium in isolated cardiomyocytes were conducted as part of a project entitled "Nuclear Calcium and Gene Regulation in the Remodeled Heart" which aimed at investigating the role of nuclear calcium in cardiac remodeling and pursuing it as a therapeutic approach. The results highlight that xv nuclear calcium transient manifests a slower release time but a similar uptake time when compared with cytoplasmic calcium. Independent release of nuclear calcium was also observed. Addition of 2-APB, a blocker of IP3 receptor mediated calcium release, lead to a decrease in the amplitude of calcium transient in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus at both 1 and 2 Hz. No effect of the drug could be ascertained on calcium release or reuptake time. Furthermore, 2-APB caused a shortening of the calcium transient in both nucleus and cytoplasm of isolated cardiomyocytes. Isolation of adult mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes done as a part of the work on mice expressing VSFP2.3 targeted at the investigation of this protein as an optogenetic tool for studying cardiac activity is also a part of the present research. The findings relevant to this research indicate that genetic polymorphisms play a significant role in modifying the risk of CHD and that, modulation of nuclear calcium can be pursued as an effective target for attenuation of cardiac remodeling which is associated with CHD.