In the present work, 203 iron and steel industrial units located in and around Lahore were surveyed to gather information regarding physical parameters, processes involved, product types, raw materials used, fuel types, mode of employment, working conditions and use of PPEs in these units. General health and socio-economic status, disease history and anthropometric measurements of 656 workers from different work points were measured. Total serum proteins, albumin, ALT, AST and ALP were photometrically analyzed. Haematological parameters i.e., TLC, DLC, RBC, Hgb, Hct%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelet counts were made on automated haematology analyzer. Data was statistically analyzed on the basis of work points, job duration and worker’s age using ANOVA and students t-test at SPSS 13.0 version. Survey results revealed that the working conditions in these units are not satisfactory. Workers are exposed to variety of hazards. Socio-economic status of the workers also portrayed a dismal condition. Biochemical analysis showed general trend of increased concentration of total serum proteins, albumin and globulins, suggesting dehydration and non-specific infections as probable cause. Old workers working at comparatively higher temperature point showed more evident changes in total protein contents as compared to the young workers at the same points. ALT and AST, although within normal reference range, were evidently towards the higher limits in almost all categories of the workers. Younger and oldest workers with shortest and longest job duration presented higher value for ALT and AST as compared to the middle aged workers and with medium job duration. ALP is found significantly higher in all categories of workers depicting the obvious response to environmental stress. Physical activity along with the temperature appeared to be the contributory to enhance ALP activity. Although the haematological parameters did not show any direct correlation with the job duration or worker’s age but increased WBCs in circulation along with the complementary increase in lymphocytes number reflects the elicitation of immune response in these subjects. Hemoglobin, RBCs, Hct%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets are found to show alteration, in general indicating a stress on the hematopoietic system to cope with the stress of hypoxic conditions and enhanced demand of energy due to heavy physical exertion. The results suggest that work point temperature along with heavy physical activity probably causes effects on liver physiology and also the hematopoietic system as apart of compensatory response. The results suggest more detailed studies with reference to heat stress and protein profile with special emphasis of the role of Hsps. Along with the detailed haematological investigations; studies on liver and kidney physiology are also recommended to understand the effect on hormones and electrolytes under hyperthermic conditions. Strict monitoring and enforcement of rules for the workers health and safety are strongly recommended.
آہ!مولانا مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی ترکش ماراخدنگ آخریں! اس خامۂ حرماں نصیب نے برہان کے ۴۵ برس کے دور زندگی میں نہ جانے کتنے مشاہیر عالم و نامور ان روزگار کی وفات پرماتم سرائی کی اوران کے درد و فراق میں رنج والم کے آنسو بہائے ہیں، لیکن واحسرتا!آج اسے اس عظیم شخصیت کی جدائی پرنوحہ خوانی کرناہے جو خود ندوۃ المصنفین کی بانی مبانی تھی اور جس کانقش گرم برہان کے اپنے وجود وبقا کاضامن اوراس کاکفیل تھا یعنی حضرت مولانامفتی عتیق الرحمن صاحب عثمانی جو طویل علالت کے بعد ۱۲/مئی۱۹۸۴ء کو ساڑھے تین بجے بعدظہر جان جان آفریں کوسپرد کرکے رحلت گزائے عالم جاودانی ہوئے، ۱۳ مئی کودلی کی جامع مسجد میں ۸بجے صبح کو نمازجنازہ ہوئی جس میں مسلمانوں کے ہرطبقہ اورہرجماعت کے ہزاروں عقیدت مندوں نے شرکت کی اور مہندیوں کے قبرستان میں جسے شاہ ولی اﷲ دہلوی اورآپ کے خانوادۂ گرامی نے برصغیر کاجنت البقیع بنادیاہے، تدفین ہوئی۔اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ مفتی صاحب کی ذات اورشخصیت ایسے اوصاف وکمالات کی جامع تھی جن کا فی زمانہ شخص واحد میں جمع ہونا شاذونادرہی ہوسکتاہے۔آپ دیوبند کے نامی گرامی خاندان عثمانی کے چشم وچراغ تھے جواپنے علمی و دینی امتیازات و خصوصیات کے باعث نہ صرف قصبہ میں بلکہ پورے ضلع میں نہایت ممتاز رہا ہے، مفتی صاحب کے جد امجد مولانا فضل الرحمن دارالعلوم دیوبند کے چار بانیوں میں سے ایک تھے اورخود بڑے صاحب علم وفضل تھے۔ مولانا فضل الرحمن صاحب کو اﷲ تعالیٰ نے جو اولاد ذکور عطافرمائی ان میں شیخ المشائخ حضرت مفتی عزیز الرحمن عثمانی، شیخ الاسلام پاکستان حضرت مولانا شبیر احمد عثمانی اورحضرت مولانا حبیب الرحمن عثمانی مہتمم دارالعلوم دیوبند بھی تھے جو آسمان علم وفضل اورافق شریعت وطریقت پرآفتاب وماہتاب بن کر چمکے اور ایک عالم کو اپنی ضیابخشیوں سے منور کرگئے۔ ان ہر سہ اصحاب ثلاثہ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widespread organism, caused severe nosocomial infection in human and associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR)Objective: The present study was carried out to observe current antimicrobial resistant pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Lahore and to detect the Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) gene in carbapenem resistantPseudomonas aeruginosaMethods: By screening 360 samples total 123 Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified by standard microbiology techniques such as microscopy and biochemical testing. The isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated for drug resistance by disc diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to identify the carbapenem resistance causing gene (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) Results: Following antibiotic resistant pattern was observed, Gentamycin (59.00%), Ceftazidime(58.7%), Ceftriaxone (58.00%), Cefotazime (57.0%) and Ciprofloxacin (55.00%). Resistance rates to carbapenem group of antibiotics is Doripenem (30.5%) Meropenem(31.0%) and Imipenem (28.0%). Out of 123 samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 28 isolates were found resistant to carbapenem group of antibiotic which was supposed to be highly sensitive for this bacterium. Molecular based identification of resistance genes showed that bla-IMP gene was present in 32.1% (09) and bla-VIM was found positive in 17.8% (04) samples. Metallo-beta-lactamasesproducing genes (bla-VIM and bla-IMP), amongcarbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detectedin 28.1% of samples. If other carbapenem resistant gene were also included this number might be higherConclusions: PCRbased test should be included in routine laboratory examination for quick detection of the resistancecausing genes.
Energy demand is rapidly growing, resulting in rising energy cost, depletion of fossil fuels, energy shortage, environmental concerns and network overloading. All these problems need new and novel ways for redressal. Conventional grids may not address these problems. However, smart energy distribution grids offer solutions such as distributed generators (DGs), demand response (DR) and energy hub (EH) approach. This work focuses on the application of the DGs and the DR equipped EH paradigm, for efficient energy management, in residential and commercial buildings. The EH control functions in two layers. Primary stratum termed as micro EH control resides in customer premises to attain building level stakes such as energy consumption cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission minimization. However, utility’s benefit termed as network load deviation, remains unattended. Wide range of load variations may cause network instability and quality issues. Secondary layer termed as utility owned macro energy hub (MEH) control minimizes network load deviation; however, building incentives forfeit. In other words, customer-utility benefits are non-linearly related and cannot be attained simultaneously. Therefore, a strategy has been required to resolve this non-linearity. This thesis proposes bi-level MEH controls for residential and commercial buildings, to simultaneously attain bilateral stakes. Moreover, customer-utility models are developed and analyzed for both sectors. As real-life energy systems function under uncertain conditions, therefore, proposed micro as well as macro EH control modules have also been validated under random solar irradiance as well as unplanned electric and natural gas (NG) network outages. Under these uncertainties, two types of bi-level MEH controls are formulated: 1) risk neutral and 2) risk averse. Former control disregards negative effects of uncertainties; however, later reduces the adverse effects of uncertainties on the performance and the resilience, by incorporating conditional value at risk (CVaR) in the objective function. Proposed linear constrained optimization models have been mapped in flower pollination algorithm (FPA) as it shows superior performance in literature. Obtained results have been compared to the ones presented in literature and found meaningful improvement.