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Home > Studies on Gamma Irradiation Effects on Germination, Growth, Fodder Yield, Proximate Analysis and Genetic Diversity of Sudan Grass Sorghum Vulgare Var. Sudanese

Studies on Gamma Irradiation Effects on Germination, Growth, Fodder Yield, Proximate Analysis and Genetic Diversity of Sudan Grass Sorghum Vulgare Var. Sudanese

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad Asghar

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-I-Azam University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Natural Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1279

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727292557

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Present studies were carried out at Rangeland Research Institute, NARC, Islamabad and Quaid-i-Azam university, Islamabad during 2001-2011. Dry seeds of Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare var, Sudanese) were subjected to ten acute irradiation treatments ranging from 0 to 45 kR with 5 kR intervals at Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar. Overall germination percentage decreased with increase in the doses of gamma irradiation. Seedling height decreased significantly (p≤0.05) on 4 th and 11 th day of sowing with increasing treatments of gamma irradiation. Similarly root length and root shoot ratio on 4 th day of sowing under lab conditions also depicted significantly (p≤0.01) decreasing effect with an increase in dose rate of treatments. Data regarding plant height and leaf area showed significantly (p≤0.05) increasing effect with an increase in dose rate of treatments under field condition in M-1 generation. Average tiller plant -1 increased significantly (p≤0.01) with the increase of doses in M-1 generation under field condition. Tillers showed a significantly (p≤0.05) increasing effect with increasing treatments in M- 2 generation. Data regarding green matter weight -1 and dry matter weight -1 showed significantly (p≤0.01) increasing effect with highest dose rate of gamma irradiation in M- 3 generation. Data regarding immature flowering percentage also showed increasing effect significantly (p≤0.05) which is a positive sign to prolong its life span till start of winter season which is a lean period for livestock grazing feed under natural conditions. Overall growth rates improved by gamma irradiation treatments in M-4 generation and M-5 generations. On the basis of these results high yielding mutants in Sudan grass may be developed. Data reading proximate analysis showed insignificant differences in all traits studied in M-1 generation of Sudan grass under field condition. Data regarding effect of irradiation on HCN concentration showed significant (p≤0.01) decreasing effect in red and blue color intensity. While insignificant decreasing effect in green color xiintensity which is a positive sign to reduce HCN concentration in Sudan grass and other sorghum species used as a fodder crop. There is much hope to develop HCN free mutants in these crops through irradiation in future. Data regarding SDS-PAGE analysis and RAPD technique showed great variability in genetic diversity as a result of gamma irradiation on Sudan grass under study in M-1 and M-2 generations. Further research is needed to improve the crop and develop such mutants by gamma irradiation in future.
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۲۹۔ ہم کیسے جی رہے ہیں ؟

ہم کیسے جی رہے ہیں؟

ہم زندگی سے بھاگے ہوئے

نجانے کدھر جا رہے ہیں

ہمیں کچھ خبر نہیںہے

اپنی محرومیوں میں رنگ بھر نے کی خاطر

سفید لمحوں میں جی رہے ہیں

موت بھی ہم پر ترس کھاتی ہے

ہم بھی کیا جی رہے ہیں ؟

 آنکھوں کو بند کیے

تشنہ ہونٹوں کو سیے ہوئے

مگر کیا کیجیے

When Comes such Another? Asma Jahangir 1952 –2018

On the 11th of February this year death vanquished Pakistan’s Asma Jahangir: Nothing else could. Her name will endure; yet one cannot go on to say “death thou art dead” for the vacuum in the field where this indomitable and intellectually gifted lawyer fought and won her battles for the forgotten and ignored, the resource-less, and – above all – for the politically and socially persecuted is felt more gravely with each passing day: Asma Jahangir was a convinced human rights activist. There are many such, but she was a uniquely effective and successful one.

Characterization and Over-Expression of Scdr1 Endogenous Gene to Enhance Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Sugarcane

Changing climatic conditions in combination with increasing salinity and drought stress is a real challenge in developing robust crop plants with sustainable growth and production. Pakistan is the fifth top-most grower but 11th largest producer of sugarcane. Abiotic and biotic stresses are major impediments lowering its yield. Advancements in molecular approaches provide a swift solution to alleviate these stresses. Sugarcane has complex genome and various endogenous stress responsive genes have potential to combat abiotic stresses. A novel stress responsive gene Scdr1 was charcaterized in indigenous elite sugarcane genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed prevelance of thisstress responsive gene in various monocots including maize, sorghum, wheat and rice etc. Seven indigenous sugarcane genotypes (S2003-US-127, S2006-US-272, CP-77400, CPF-246, CPF-247, S2003-US-778 and CPF-248) were grown in pots and exposed to salt stress (170 mM). Expression analysis of Scdr1 gene was carried out in the aforementioned genotypes by realtime quantitative PCR. It appeard to be salt stress inducible as expression of the gene was higher in salt treated plants as compared to plants growing under normal conditions. However, its expression was maximum in CP-77400 and minmum in genotypes CPF-246 and S2003-US-778 under salt stress. For the functional characterization and localization of the Scdr1 protein, it was translationally fused with GFP as well as co-transformed with endoplasmic reticulum fluoresent marker (CD3-959-ER-rk). Moving protein bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of N. benthamiana leaf cells under confocal laser scanning microscope but appropriate location of the protein was not traceable, perhaps owing to overexpression of the protein. Y2H cDNA library was constructed to identify the potential interactors of this stress responsive protein. It appeared to interact with the proteins involved in abiotic as well as biotic stress tolerance. To validate, its role in biotic stress tolerance, red rot resistant (CPF-246, S2006-US-658) and susceptible genotypes (S2003-US-127, SPF-234) were inoculated with Colletotrichum falcatum and quantitative expression analysis was performed. Scdr1 was significantly up-regulated in resistant genotypes whereas down-regulated in susceptible genotypes. Hence, in addition to abiotic stress tolerance, Scdr1 was proposed to play some crucial role in biotic stress tolerance as well. Considering the importance of Scdr1 gene in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, it was synthetically developed and cloned under maize ubiquitin promoter (Ubi), nos terminator and was physically linked with selectable marker gene (bar) cloned under CaMV35 S promoter and terminator. Scdr1 construct (Ubi P:Scdr1:nos T::35S P:bar:35ST) was transformed into tobacco as well as in dark proliferated sugarcane calli. Bombarded calli/ leaf discs were shifted to regeneration medium supplemented with PPT. Putative transgenic plants were confirmed with PCR using maize ubiquitin promoter and nos terminator specific primers. Quantitative real time PCR was performed to seek for transcript level of the recombinant Scdr1. It appeared to be 1.4 folds higher in the transformed plants as compared with un-transformed plants of the genotype S2003-US-778.Hence, sugarcane plants with over-expression of recombinant Scdr1 gene were developed which are expected to be better tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses.