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Home > Studies on Induction of Systemic Resistance in Rose by Pseudomonas and Bacillus Strains Against Diplocarpon Rosae

Studies on Induction of Systemic Resistance in Rose by Pseudomonas and Bacillus Strains Against Diplocarpon Rosae

Thesis Info

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Author

Yasin, Nasim Ahmed

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Agricultural Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13080/1/Nasim_Ahmad_Yasin_Agricultural_Sciences_HSR_2015_UoP_Lahore_25.10.2016.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727298185

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The innate plant resistance is an efficient and eco-friendly tool to avoid diseases of agricultural crops. However most of the commercial cultivars are susceptible to different diseases at different susceptibility level. Fungicides are usually the only option that farmers use against these pathogens. These fungicides are hazardous for our environment and human health as these toxify food commodities and ground water reserves. Moreover, pesticides can never be the best option to manage the disease due to their extensive toxicity and minuscule degradability. The innate resistance may be elevated by applying nonpathogenic microbial inducers; thus, termed as induced systemic resistance (ISR). The native rhizospheric bacterial inducers may manage disease by inducing systemic resistance in plants. The similar measure has been adopted to manage black spot disease in rose plants by using Pseudomonas fluorescens RB4 and Bacillus subtilis RB11 as biological inducers. § In the first phase of study, surveys were performed to assess disease attributes of black spot disease of rose caused by Diplocarpon rosae. During this survey, 120 pathogenic isolates of D. rosae were collected. After infecting healthy rose plants with isolates of D. rosae, most virulent strain D. rosae DR19 was selected for further experimentations. § During greenhouse studies, different rhizospheric strains of bacillus and pseudomonas, isolated from rhizosphere of healthy rose plants, were screened for induction of systemic resistance in rose plants against black spot disease. These isolated bacterial strains were interacted with rose plants in the presence of black spot pathogen. Here two strains, viz: P. fluorescens RB4 and B. subtilis RB11 provided most significant reduction in disease index. § Both of these strains induced significant higher amounts of defense related biochemicals including total phenolics, ascorbic acid and some defense related enzymes involved in phenylpropenoid pathway. Moreover, these strains were capable to enhance quantity of defense related physical barriers in plants such as lignin, pectin and cellulose as compared to control plants. § In another independent experiment, effect of P. fluorescens RB4 and Bacillus subtilis RB11 was assessed on nutrient contents and growth attributes of rose plants. These strains significantly enhanced nutrient contents including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe in treated plants. Along with that, growth of rose plants was significantly improved under influence of these bacterial strains. § In next phase of study, different carrier materials such as sugarcane press mud, bentonite, sand, rock phosphate and perlite were used to prepare formulations of best performing bacterial strains. Sugarcane press mud showed maximum viability of bacterial strains after prolonged storage at room temperature followed by ‘bentonite’. Sugarcane press mud based bacterial formulations supported disease managing potential of P. fluorescens RB4 and B. subtilis RB11, and reduced disease index up to 59 and 76% respectively in both season field experiments. This formulation also significantly improved agro economic traits of rose plants. § In last phase of study, potential ISR elicitor present in bacterial inducer was isolated and identified. For this purpose, Column Chromatography and GC/MS techniques were used to analyze metabolites of B. subtilis RB11 for identification of bioactive compound responsible for resistance induction and disease management. It was found that octadecane was the bioactive compound inducing resistance in rose plants against D. rosae. It was also observed that the isolation of octadecane present in B. subtilis RB11 metabolites was directly correlated with the concentration of ethyl acetate in extraction solvent. § To assess the significance of the results obtained during various experiments data was subjected to a number of statistical analyses. These analyses include analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). From present research it is concluded that P. fluorescens RB4 and B. subtilis RB11, may be successfully used to manage black spot disease of roses caused by D. rosae. These bacterial strains are capable to enhance innate resistance of rose plants along with growth promotion. Moreover, octadecane synthesized by B. subtilis RB11 may be isolated and applied to rose plants as antifungal compound against D. rosae.
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قائد کا فرمان کام، کام اورکام

قائد کا فرمان کام ، کام اور کام
نحمدہ وَ نُصَلِّیْ علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اساتذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’قائد کا فرمان کام، کام اور کام‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
اس کا ئناتِ رنگ و بو میں جو رنگینیاں نظر آرہی ہیں، اس کائنات میں جوحسن نظر آرہا ہے اس کائناتِ رنگ و بو میں جو تنوع دکھائی دے رہا ہے، اس کائنات کے گلشن میں جو بہار آ ئی ہوئی ہے، یہ سب کچھ اپنے آپ وجود میں نہیں آگیا، یہ کسی نہ کسی کاریگر کا شاہکار ہے، کسی نہ کسی محنتی کی محنت ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
محنت اور جدوجہد ہی انسان کو انسانیت کے مقام پر فائز کرتی ہے، معاشرے میں اس کا ایک مقام بناتی ہے، کام سے محبت ہی بڑے بڑے کا م بناتی ہے، کام کرنے والا شخص کسی کا دست نگر نہیں ہوتا، اُس کی خودی میں اضافہ ہوتا ہے، اُس کی خودداری کی دیوار میں شگاف نہیں پڑتا، وہ غریب اور بے کس کی دستگیری بھی کر سکتا ہے۔
بے محنت پیہم کوئی جوہر نہیں کُھلتا
روشن شرر تیشہ سے ہے خانۂ فرہاد
صدرِذی وقار!
بانیٔ پاکستان قائدِ اعظم محمد علی جناح رحمۃ اللہ علیہ کا یہ فرمان زبان زدعام ہے کہ کام ، کام اور کام، اس نابغۂ روزگارہستی نے کام کر کے یہ ثابت کر دیا کہ اگر انسان کا ارادہ نیک ہو، انسان کے جذبات حق وصداقت کے ترجمان ہوں، اور مقصد نیک ہو، عوام النّاس کی خدمت کا جذبہ موجزن ہو تو مقصد کے حصول میں کوئی چیز رکاوٹ پیدا نہیں کرسکتی۔
صدرِذی وقار!
قائدِاعظم محمد علی جناح رحمۃ اللہ علیہ نے جب یہ فرمایا، کہ کام سے تعلق پیدا کرو،...

مسیحى دینیات اور بىن المذاہب تعلقات

Christianity in itself is a reformative offshoot of Judaism rather than a separate faith. The massage of Jesus Christ was directed at Jews and Jew formed the core of his early follower. In his early stage he was respected, honored and welcomed by his jew community. But as soon as he projected the universalism of Torah (Pentateuch) and declared Judaism as Inclusive religion the community fell in hostility toward him and  led him to crucify. In his early theology he gave the message of love, respect and tolerance to the light of a candle in room. The New Testament and it satellite portions unveil his and of his early followers teachings and their theological trend and behavior towards other nations and faiths. In this article the above mentioned teachings and theological policy of Jesus Christ and Saint Paul, an immediate stream him of Christianity has been abstracted from New Testament. It may help today’s Christianity to revise it religious teachings toward Islam and blasphemous behavior other religions and hence minimize the political tensions throughout the world.   

Effectiveness of Calcium Carbide for Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency and Yield of Wheat Crop

Calcium carbide is well known as a nitrification inhibitor and its role as a source of ethylene (C2H4), a potent plant growth regulator, is not thoroughly investigated. Laboratory, pot and field studies were conducted, in a sequence, up to 4 years to evaluate the effectiveness of calcium carbide (CaC2) on nitrogen use efficiency, growth and yield of wheat. First and 2nd experiments were conducted to assess the best rate and time of application of encapsulated calcium carbide (ECC) regarding plant growth and yield parameters of wheat. It was found that ECC @ 22.5 mg kg-1 soil, applied 2 weeks after sowing performed the best of all other rates and times of application of ECC in improving economical yield of wheat. In the 3rd experiment CaC2 coated with bee wax, paraffin wax and black enamel paint and matrices (prepared with polyethylene) was used to slow release the gases. Release of acetylene and ethylene from these calcium carbide based formulations and their impact on nitrification process in the soil environment under laboratory conditions was studied. It was noted that matrix-I (containing 21 % CaC2) not only performed as the best and sustainable source of acetylene and ethylene in the soil but also inhibited nitrification process better than other formulations. Calcium carbide based formulations were also compared in pot studies regarding their effect on wheat seed germination and growth and yield parameters of wheat. Matrix-I benefited the wheat crop to the maximum, followed by matrix-II and paint coated calcium carbide. Two further pot experiments were conducted to know the best rate and application depth of matrix-I formulated calcium carbide with and with out nitrogen fertilizer application. It is evident from the results that matrix-I not only improved growth and yield parameters of wheat but also enhanced N uptake by different plant parts of wheat when applied @ 15 mg CaC2 kg-1 soil at 8 cm soil depth. It was further noted that matrix-I better improved N use efficiency when applied with half recommended dose of N fertilizer than that of with full recommended N fertilizer rate. Two years field experimentation confirmed the results of pot studies. Under field condition CaC2 based formulations not only improved wheat growth and yield parameters but also reduced lodging of a lodging susceptible wheat variety Bhakhar-2002. Overall results suggest that application of calcium carbide increased grain yield more than 30 % by improving yield contributing factors and N use efficiency.