دور حاضر میں کرنسیوں کے ادھار خرید و فروخت کا شرعی جائزہ

Foreign Exchange trading is when you buy and sell foreign currencies to generate profit. In our age of advance technology even the virtual or digital currencies have now emerged. This entire business however is mostly based upon speculation and prediction. Even the most skilled and experienced traders face difficulty in predicting movements in currencies. Further, the value of not well established currencies can fluctuate or its exchange rate value can change any time. In view of occupying central place in the economic systems down the ages, Muslim scholars have also vehemently discussed currency, its significanc and matters relating to it in transactions. The present article reviews trading of foreign currencies from Islamic perspective in a situation when no cash is involved in the transaction. The article concludes that as the currencies in such transactions are different commodities, therefore their trade is legal.

پاکستان ٹیلیویژن کے سلسلہ وار اردو ڈرامے میں پنجاب اور سندھ کے جاگیردارانہ سماج کا تحقیقی وتجزیاتی مطالعہ

Drama is among one of the earlier forms of literature. Drama is a medium that has been used to represent cultural and Social realities Since its earliest days. This representation became more evident in the form of television drama. East India company's arrival in the sub-continent brought stage in India and drama started to presented on stage. Theatrical companies started putting on performances for verging audiences. Drama became even more popular with the advent of television. Radio and stage failed to complete with the popularity of television drama. This research (and Thesis) is about those television plays which are based on the feudal societies of Punjab and Sindh. As it would have made the discussion extremely lengthy to include plays from all the centers of Pakistan television, plays from Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore centers taken for the research. The first chapter introduces the topic of the thesis. The basics and principles of drama, its literary impotence, it beginning and evolution, its kinds and traditions are discussed. The second chapter is discusses the feudal system. The reasons of its strength are explanation. How it began and ended in Europe? Why has it survived in Pakistan while being eradicated from the rest of the world? Answers to all such questions are provided in this chapter. Details of when and how PTV transmissions began are furnished as well. From its onset till the twenty first century, feudal system has been a theme of PTV drama repeatedly. Third, fourth and fifth chapters present a critical review of the plays about this system in the light of Pakistan's political and social situation. The last chapter puts forward the marrow of the entire research as it provider an overall analysis of these plays and advances the outcome and recommendations in this regard.